002:179

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                                    002:179

يٰٓاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمُ الۡقِصَاصُ فِى الۡقَتۡلٰى  ؕ   الۡحُرُّ بِالۡحُـرِّ وَالۡعَبۡدُ بِالۡعَبۡدِ وَالۡاُنۡثَىٰ بِالۡاُنۡثٰىؕ  فَمَنۡ عُفِىَ لَهٗ مِنۡ اَخِيۡهِ شَىۡءٌ فَاتِّبَاعٌۢ بِالۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ وَاَدَآءٌ اِلَيۡهِ بِاِحۡسَانٍؕ  ذٰلِكَ تَخۡفِيۡفٌ مِّنۡ رَّبِّكُمۡ وَرَحۡمَةٌ  ؕ   فَمَنِ اعۡتَدٰى بَعۡدَ ذٰلِكَ فَلَهٗ عَذَابٌ اَلِيۡمٌۚ‏

Yaa-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo                                                                                          Ko-tay-ba-alai-ko-mool-qay-saa-so-fil-qut-laa
Ul-hoor-ro-bil-hoor-ray-wul-ub-do-bil-ub-day-wul-oon-thaa-bil-oon-thaa
Fa-mun-o-fay-ya-la-hoo-min-aa-khee-hay-shai-oon
Fut-tay-baa-oon-bil-mau-roo-fay
Wa-adaa-on-elai-hay-bay-aih-saan
Zaa-lay-ka-tukh-fee-foon-min-rub-bay-koom-wa-ruh-muh
Fa-ma-nae-ta-daa-bau-day-zaa-lay-ka                                                                                            Fa-la-hoo-azaa-boon-aa-lee-m.

Listen, you all who believed!                                                                                            Permitted to you is the compensation relative to the killing
A free man for a fee man, a slave for a slave and a female for a female.
Thus, anyone who is forgiven from his brother anything
Then the follow-up must be as appropriate
And payment to him due with generosity.
This expiation is a reduction from your God and a mercy
So, whoever crossed the line after that                                                                                Then for him is a painful punishment.

The Holy Qor-aan has used the Phrase Yaa-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo many times

• يٰۤ — Yaa — Listen (= Be attentive; hearken; pay attention; O!)
• اَيُّهَا — Auy-yo-ha(ul) — You all (= All addressees; entire audience; whole lot of listeners)
• ٱلَّذِينَ — Ul-la-zee-na — Those who (= pl., m, 3^rd person. Those articles, things or persons
• اٰمَنُوۡۤ — Aa-ma-noo — They Believed (= v., past., pl., 3^rd person. Believed in the Holy Qor-aan; became Moslems. Accepted, acknowledged, admitted or witnessed their entry in Iss-laam. See Commentaries like Islam – 101, Phrase Aa-ma-noo-wa-aa-may-loos … and Believe and Disbelieve that floodlight other aspects how the Holy Qor-aan has used this word)
• كُتِبَ — Ko-tay-ba — Permitted (= v., passive. 1. Authentic penned down material in black and white that is decreed to be a part of a religion.   2. The part of the divine Commands and Prohibitions, directions, rules and regulations revealed, sanctioned, codified, written and added to a Spiritual Code.  3. Allowed, approved, authorized, bid, bounded to  follow, commanded, conveyed, decreed, directed,  enjoined, eternalized, laid down, legalized, made binding, made obligatory; mandated, ordered, ordained, permitted, prescribed or recorded as the Do’s and Don’ts that hold good eternally and made operative universally as the Rules of Universal Application for the entire Mankind)
• عَلَيۡ — Alai — To (= Above; against; before; for; on; on top of; over; upon)
• كُمُ — Ko-mo…(ol) — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person.  You.  The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
• الۡقِصَاصُ — Qay-saa-so — Compensation (= n., The blood-money or consideration that a wrong-doer must pay to the victim in compensation, equitable retaliation, equality, fairness, recompense, redemption, reparation, reprisal, retribution, revenge, settlement, or vengeance by way of justice. See Commentary Law – Compensation – Qay-saas)
• فِىۡ — Fe…(il) — Relative to (= Concerning; in; in reference to; in the matter of; regarding)
• الۡقَتۡلٰى — Qut-laa — Killing (= Bloodshed; homicide; murder; person slain, slaying. Some translations have limited the provision of Qay-saas to only intentional murders arguing that the accidental deaths do not entail capital punishment and other crimes not causing a death are excluded)
• الۡحُرُّ — Ul-hoor-ro — Free man (= If the victim was a free person, and not a slave)
• بِ — B…(il) — With / for  (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally means ‘with.’ The real  intent in the original text is also conveyed in the present scenario with the word ‘for’)
• الۡحُـرِّ — Hoor-ray — Free man (= The offender who is a freeman, and not a slave)
• وَ — Wa…(ul) — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but;  also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
• الۡعَبۡدُ — Ul-ub-do — Slave (= If the victim was a slave, not a free person)
• بِ — B…(il) — For / With (= The word بِ  literally means ‘with’ . See بِ above)
• الۡعَبۡدِ — Ul-ub-day — Slave (= The offender who is a slave, not a free person)
• وَ — Wa…(ul) — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• الۡاُنۡثَىٰ — Oon-thaa — Female (= If the victim was a woman)
• بِ  — B…(il) — For / With (= The word بِ  literally means ‘with’ . See بِ above)
• الۡاُنۡثَىٰ — Oon-thaa — Female (= The offender who is a woman)
• فَ — Fa — Thus (= Consequently; as a result; so; then; therefore; yet)
• مَنۡ — Mun — Anyone (= Who.; whoever; whoso. A/t/a Killer or murderer)
• عُفِىَ — O-fay-ya — Forgiven (= Excused; granted concession or remission; pardoned; remitted)
• لَ — La — For (= For what purpose; for what reason; what has befallen on her; what ails her; what is the matter with it)
• هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Ref is to the slayer who wronged
• مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind of several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
• اَخِيۡ — Aa-khee — Brother (= Affected, aggrieved or injured brother, heir or sibling. Included in this category are a victim’s next of kin, relative, representative, even administrator or executor of estate)
• هِ — Hay — His (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Ref is to the slain, the victim)
• شَىۡءٌ۬ — Shai-oon — Anything (= Smallest part of any article, item, object, material,   matter, thing, phenomenon or stuff; to the least extent.
• فَ — Fa…(ut) — So (= Consequently; as a result; then; therefore; yet)
• اتِّبَاعٌۢ — Tay-baa-oon –Follow-up (= Entailing; payback; the next sequential step such as the prosecution after a crime has been committed. A/t/a, blood-money; ‘Pursuing the matter for the realization of the blood-money” )
• بِ  — B…(il) — As (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally in English means ‘with’.  When used with the word الۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ‌ it has been translated variously like ‘according to, as a, as a gesture of, in, on  or within)
• الۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ‌ — Mau-roo-f — Appropriate (=Appropriate act, behavior, conduct, payback, etc. See the Note 002:179 below)
• وَ — Wa — And — (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• اَدَآءٌ — Adaa-oon — Payment (= Compensation; disbursement; discharged; expense; fee;  fine; sum; recompense)
• اِلَيۡ — Elai — To  (= In the direction of; towards)
• هِ — Hay —  His  (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to the victim’s brother)
• بِ — Bay — With (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally means ‘with’ in English
• اِحۡسَانٍ — Aih-saa-n — Kindness (= Beneficence. Handsomely. In a generous, good and  handsome manner.  With generosity, goodness and gratitude.  The word in a different context also means  ‘A better pay-off than the out-lay’)
• ذٰلِكَ — Zaa-lay-ka –That (= Here; refers to an aforesaid fact, person or statement;   it was because; right here; such is this; that is how it is)
• تَخۡفِيۡفٌ — Tukh-fee-foon — Reduction (= Alleviation; downward concession; matter of leniency.  Merciful dispensation)
• مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind or several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
• رَّبِّ — Rub-bay — God (= The Almighty Allah who fills needs of all creatures Cherisher; Creator; Guardian; Master; Lord Provident.  The Only One Who provides all that sustains life.  The Ultimate Provider of air, water, food and whatever we and all other creatures need to live and subsist)
• کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person.  You.  The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
• وَ — Wa — And  (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• رَحۡمَةٌ — Ruh-muh — Mercy (= Beneficence; clemency; compassion; condoning;  forgiveness; gratitude; intercession; intervention;  kindness; leniency. Omitting, relenting or waiving punishment)
• فَ — Fa — So (= Consequently; as a result; then; therefore; yet)’
• مَنِ — Ma-n…(ae) — Whoever (= Anyone, who.; whoever; whoso)
• اعۡتَدٰى –Ae-ta-daa — Crossed the line (= v., past., pl., 3^rd person. Abused or misused concession; committed excess; crossed red line; disobeyed; exceeded the limit; gone beyond fairness, justice and  truthfulness; overstepped; transgressed. A/t/a, became  repeat offender, habitually killed, and ‘kills the killer after taking the blood-money’)
• بَعۡدَ — Bau-da — After that(= After; behind; later; thereafter)
• ذٰلِكَ — Zaa-lay-ka– That (= This word could have referred to this Commandment or the aforesaid fact, person or statement)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; then; therefore; yet)’
• لَ — La — For (= Conveys that he should be administered and awarded)
• هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to aforesaid persons)
• عَذَابٌ — Azaa-boon — Punishment (= Appropriate, due and fair agony, chastisement, doom,  hard task, penalty, recompense; torment, torture or scourge)
• اَ لِيۡمٌ‏ — Aa-lee-m — Painful (= Grave; grievous; painful; severe; stern)

** Note 002:179. The word مَعۡرُوۡف    (Mau-roo-f) as an adjective means appropriately, beautifully, decently, equitably, fairly, gracefully, gratefully, gratuitously, honorably, lawfully, nicely, properly, reasonably, righteously, rightfully or suitably.

            The word مَعۡرُوۡف  (Mau-roo-f) as a noun can also mean what is appropriate, approved, becoming, befitting, customary, decent, equitable, fair, grace, graceful, honorable, just, kind, legal, proper, reasonable, suitable or within rights.

            With the letters  الۡ  before it the word الۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ‌ (Mau-roo-fay) has also been narrowed down in its meanings by some translators as “Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do,” “Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders has ordained, ” and “Islamic Monotheism, and following Prophet Muhammad s.a.w.”

            The word الۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ‌ (Ul-mau-roo-fay) means any action, basis, behavior, fashion, conduct, form, gesture, manner, method, term, pay-back, way or word which is appropriate, customary, decent, doing the right thing, equitable, fair, good, graceful, gratuitous, honorable, in fairness, kind, lawful, nice, proper, reasonable, righteous, suitable, virtuous and within the limits of law and legitimacy.

             The word الۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ‌ (Mau-roo-fay) under the effect of the preceding hur-fay-jar بِ  has also been translated as follows: According to the custom or usage. As a gesture of kindness. In an approved, becoming, befitting, customary, decent, equitable, fair, generous, good, just, kind, legal, proper, reasonable or suitable basis, fashion, form, manner, method, term or way.  In or with decency, grace, gratefulness, honor and kindness. With propriety.

The Holy Qor-aan has used these words very frequently among others in verses 002:179,  002:181, 002:229,  002:230,  002:232,  002:233,  002:234, 002:235,  002:236,  002:237,  002:241,  002:242, 002:264,  003:105,  003:115,  004:006,  004:006,  004:007)