002:185

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                             002:185

اَيَّامًا مَّعۡدُوۡدٰتٍؕ فَمَنۡ كَانَ مِنۡكُمۡ مَّرِيۡضًا اَوۡ عَلٰى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنۡ اَيَّامٍ اُخَرَ‌ؕ وَعَلَى الَّذِيۡنَ يُطِيۡقُوۡنَهٗ فِدۡيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسۡكِيۡنٍؕ فَمَنۡ تَطَوَّعَ خَيۡرًا فَهُوَ خَيۡرٌ لَّهٗ ؕ وَاَنۡ تَصُوۡمُوۡا خَيۡرٌ لَّـکُمۡ اِنۡ كُنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ‏

Auy-yaa-mum-mau-do-daat–fa-mun-kaa-na-min-koom                                                      Ma-ree-dzun-auo-alaa-sa-fa-rin-fa-idd-toon-min-auy-yaa-min-o-khur                              Wa-alul-la–zee-na-yo-tee-qoo-na-hoo-fid-ya-toon-ta-aa-mo-mis-keen                                 Fa-mun-ta-tuw-wa-aa-fa-ho-wa-khai-roon-la-hoo                                                                 Wa-un-ta-soo-moo-khai-u-run-la-koom-in-koon-toom-tau-la-moo-n.

Counted number of days they are. Then whoever among you has been                 Sick or on a journey then the counting is in days to come.                                         And on those who can afford, the expiation is feeding a poor.                                  So whoever follows the good voluntarily, then it is better for him.                  And that you fast is better for you if you know.

• اَيَّامًا — Auy-yaa-mun  — Days (= pl., End of several periods, terms or times; junctures)
• مَّعۡدُوۡدٰتٍ — Mau-do-daat — Counted (= Appointed; certain; designated; enumerated; fixed; numbered; specified number; prescribed)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
• مَنۡ — Mun — Whoever (= Anyone; who; whom; whomever; whoso)
• كَانَ — Kaa-na — Has been ( =v., 3^rd person. Used to. Conveys continuation. This verb and its 14 grammatical variations indicate an act’s  continuity from the past to the present and leading into the future – like ‘continued doing’ or ‘went on doing’)
• مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind of several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
• کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You. The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
• مَّرِيۡضًا — Ma-ree-dzun — Sick (= Ailing; disabled; handicapped; ill; infirm; patient. “Not being permanently incapacitated” or “Temporarily sick”)
• اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution)
• عَلٰى — Alaa — On (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
• سَفَرٍ —  Sa-fa-rin — A journey  *   (= Going from one place to another distant one; travel)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
•  عِدَّةٌ — Idda-toon –The count (= Reckoning on corresponding number of days; the completion or making up of the similar number)
• مِّنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind of several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
• اَيَّامٍ — Auy-yaa-min — Days (= pl., End of several periods, terms or times; juncture)
• اُخَر — O-khur –Later (= Other; yet to come)
• وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but;  also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
• عَلَى — Alul — On (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
• ٱلَّذِينَ — La-zee-na –Who (= Reference is to ‘all those men’, masculine gender’)
• يُطِيۡقُوۡنَ — Yo-te-qoo-na — Can afford  (= Find fasting difficult, extremely hard, non-practicable; too weak to fast or causing danger to health or even life. Unable to bear the hardship of.hunger, strain or thirst)
• هٗ — Hoo — It  (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to the act of fasting’)
• فِدۡيَةٌ — Fid-ya-toon — Expiation (= Compensation; make up; make amends; pay; payment; ransom; redemption; redress. Also, apology)
• طَعَامُ –Ta-aa-mo — Feeding (= n., Providing eatables, food or subsistence; furnishing provision. Giving or serving as food.
• مِسۡكِيۡنٍ — Mis-keen — One Poor  *  (= A have-not; destitute; helpless; impoverished; needy;  indigent; poor; wretched)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; hence; so; thus; thereafter; therefore; yet)
• مَنۡ — Mun — Whoever — (= Anyone; who; whom; whomever; whoso)
• تَطَوَّعَ —  Ta-tuw-wa-aa — Follows (= Carries out instructions of his own accord; complies with directions on his own; follows voluntarily; goes beyond what is obligatory or prescribed. A/t/a Obeys of his own accord, spontaneously or voluntarily feeds more than the minimum requirement of ‘one’)
• خَيۡرًا — Khai-run — The good (= 1.  Appreciable, happy or pleasant acts, deeds, things, persons or occasions.   2.  Comparatively superior; of greater, higher or more value.   3.  At apex; best; noblest; on top.   4.  A thing that gets better and holds prospects of a better and improved prize)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
• هُو — Ho-wa — It (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to act of obedience)
• خَيۡرٌ — Khai-roon — Better (= 1. Appreciable, happy or pleasant acts, deeds, things, persons or occasions.   2.  Comparatively superior; of greater, higher or more value.   3.  At apex; best; noblest; on top.   4.  A things that get better and holds prospects of a better and improved prize)
• لَّ — La — For (= For the attention, benefit, object, purpose or reason of)
• هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to the one who fasts)
• وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but;  also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
• اَنۡ — Un — That (= Since; so that; for the purpose)
• تَصُوۡمُوۡا — Ta-soo-moo — You fast (= See our Commentaries 5 Acts of worships and Fasting)
• خَيۡرٌ — Khai-roon — Better (= Comparatively superior; good; of greater, higher or  more value)
• لَّ — La — For (= For the attention, benefit, object, purpose or reason of)
• کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You. The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
• اِنِ — In — If (= If situation arises; in case; under the circumstances)
• كُنۡ — Koon —  Have been       (= Conveys continuity from the past and going into future)
• تُمۡ — Toom — You (= pl., m., 2^nd person. You men. See تُمۡ above)
• تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ — Tau-la-moon –You know(= v., pres., pl., 2^nd person. You are in the know of it; become aware; come to know; get informed; turn into knowing  A/t/a, “If you knew, you would realize‘)

* Note 002:185.  The vowel of double (Tun-ween) generally refers to ‘only one’ of the things mentioned.  This rule of grammar shows this verse lay down the following.

1. Complete the number of fasting days later if a believer is in journey for even ‘one’ But the Bokhari collection of Ahaadeeth has reported [30:43] that the people had fasted when “on a journey with the Prophet” s.a.w. [Muhammad Ali].

2. Feed ‘one’ indigent if a believer experiences hardship. Voluntarily feeding more than one is permissible and considered better.

3. “Those who can fast with difficulty (e.g. an old man) they have (a choice either to fast or) feed a poor person (for every day.)” [Dr Khan and Dr Al-Hilali]