004:013

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                              004:013

 وَلَـكُمۡ نِصۡفُ مَا تَرَكَ اَزۡوَاجُكُمۡ اِنۡ لَّمۡ يَكُنۡ لَّهُنَّ وَلَدٌ ۚ   فَاِنۡ كَانَ لَهُنَّ وَلَدٌ فَلَـكُمُ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكۡنَ‌ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُّوۡصِيۡنَ بِهَاۤ اَوۡ دَ يۡنٍ‌ ؕ  وَلَهُنَّ الرُّبُعُ مِمَّا تَرَكۡتُمۡ اِنۡ لَّمۡ يَكُنۡ لَّكُمۡ وَلَدٌ ۚ فَاِنۡ كَانَ لَـكُمۡ وَلَدٌ فَلَهُنَّ الثُّمُنُ مِمَّا تَرَكۡتُمۡ‌ مِّنۡۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٍ تُوۡصُوۡنَ بِهَاۤ اَوۡ دَ يۡنٍ‌ ؕ  وَاِنۡ كَانَ رَجُلٌ يُّوۡرَثُ كَلٰلَةً اَوِ امۡرَاَةٌ وَّلَهٗۤ اَخٌ اَوۡ اُخۡتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنۡهُمَا السُّدُسُ‌ ۚ  فَاِنۡ كَانُوۡۤا اَكۡثَرَ مِنۡ ذٰ لِكَ فَهُمۡ شُرَكَآءُ فِى الثُّلُثِ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُّوۡصٰى بِهَاۤ اَوۡ دَ يۡنٍ ۙ غَيۡرَ مُضَآرٍّ‌ ۚ وَصِيَّةً مِّنَ اللّٰهِ‌ ؕ  وَاللّٰهُ عَلِيۡمٌ حَلِيۡمٌ ؕ‏   

Wa-la-koom-nis-fo-maa-ta-ra-ka-uz-waa-jo-koom                                                                      In-lum-ya-koom-la-hoon-na-wa-la-doon                                                                                          Fa-in-kaa-na-la-hoon-na-wa-la-doon                                                                                                Fa-la-ko-moor-ro-bo-o-mim-maa-ta-ruk-na                                                                                    Min-bau-day-wa-see-ya-tin-yoo-see-na-bay-haa-auo-dai-n

Wa-la-hoon-nur-ro-bo-o-mim-maa-ta-ruk-toom                                                                            In-lum-ya-koon-la-koom-wa-la-doon                                                                                                Fa-in-kaa-na-la-koom-wa-la-doon                                                                                                    Fa-la-hoon-nuth-tho-mo-no-mim-maa-ta-ruk-toom                                                                      Min-bau-day-wa-see-ya-tin-too-soo-na-bay-haa-auo-dai-n

Wa-in-kaa-na-ra-jo-loon-yoo-ra-tho                                                                                                  Ka-laa-la-ton-aa-wim-ra-aa-toon                                                                                                      Wa-la-hoo-aa-khoom-auo-ookh-toon                                                                                                Fa-lay-kool-lay-waa-hay-din-min-ho-moos-so-do-so

Fa-in-kaa-noo-uk-tha-ro-min-zaa-lay-ka                                                                                        Fa-hoom-sho-ra-kaa-o-fith-tho-lo-thay                                                                                            Min-bau-day-wa-see-ya-tin-yoo-saa-bay-haa-auo-dai-n                                                            Ghai-ra-mo-dzaar-rin

Wa-se-ya-tum-may-nul-laa-hay                                                                                                        Wul-laa-ho-alee-moon-ha-lee-m

And for you is one-half of what your wives left                                                                If there has been no child for them.                                                                                    But if there was a child for them                                                                                      Then for you is one-fourth out of what they left                                                                After a will they bequeath or debt.

And for them is one-fourth of what you left                                                                        If there have been no child for you.                                                                                  But if there was a child for you                                                                                          Then for them is one-eighth out of what you left                                                              After a will you bequeath or debt. 

And if the man, or a woman, being inherited is                                                          Without a parent, progeny or partner in life as a spouse                                        And he has a brother or sister                                                                                                  Then everyone of those two will get one-sixth.

But if they be more than that                                                                                                Then they are equal partners in the one-third                                                                  After a will is bequeathed or debt                                                                                    Without causing loss to anyone.

This is a Command from Allah                                                                                                And by God He is All-Knowing, All-Forbearing

• وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
• لَ — La — For (= This word used 21 times in verses 004:012 & 004:013 also means concerning, for the benefit of, intended for, to and towards. Various authors have also translated it as ‘appertaineth,’ ‘belongeth,’ ‘belongs,’ ‘has,’ ‘have,’ ‘share of inheritance,’ ‘theirs,’ ‘their share,’ ‘shall inherit’ and ‘will get, have or inherit’)
• كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person., You . The Holy Qor-aan states that way when addressing both men and women jointly)
• نِصۡفُ — Nis-fo — One half (= Half of; fifty percent; 50%)
• مَاۤ — Maa — All that (= What; whatever; whatsoever; at such time; when; whenever)
• تَرَكَ — Ta-ra-ka –Left (= v., past., s., 3^rd person. Left as inheritance. Passed on. Saved, shelved or stored something as highly valuable. Some translations include ‘he (- the deceased) has left’ and ‘the deceased should leave.’ But inaccurate translations of this verb include the legacy or inheritance which are nouns, and those like ‘what the deceased leaves’ or ‘leave’ which are in the present tense whereas the Holy Qor-aan has used the verb in the past tense)
• اَزۡوَاجٌ — Uz-waa-jo — Wives (= n., pl., (s: زۡوجٌ ) Mates. Spouses. The word also means  associates; close relations; companions
• كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You. See  كُمۡ  above)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when; whenever)
• لَمۡ — Lum — Not (= Absolutely never; no, not at all)
• يَكُنۡ — Ya-koon — Has been (= v., pres., s., 3^rd person. Continued doing; had been;  used to; were, went on doing. This verb and its 14 grammatical variations indicate an act’s continuity from the past to the present)
• لَّ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• هُنَّ — Hoon-na — Them  (= pl, f, in 3^rd person. Refers to decedent wives)
• وَلَدٌ۬‌ — Wa-la-doon — Child (= n., Literally a boy, a male child, a son. Also, as issue;  offspring. The preceding four words and this fifth one have been jointly translated as ‘childless’)
• فَ — Fa — But (= Hence; so;  then; thus; therefore. A/t/a, ‘But’ [aya] )
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when; whenever)
• كَانَ — Kaa-na — Has been (= v., past., s., m., 3^rd person., Had been. See يَكُنۡ  above)
• لَ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• هُنَّ — Hoon-na — Them (= pro., pl, f, in 3^rd person. Refers to decedent wives)
• وَلَدٌ۬‌ — Wa-la-doon — Child (= n., Literally a boy, a male child, a son. See وَلَدٌ۬‌ above)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• لَ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• كُمُ — Ko-mo(or) — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You. See  كُمۡ  above)
• الرُّبُعُ — Ro-bo-o — One-fourth (= One quarter; one of the four parts, portions or shares of inheritance. A/t/a, ‘a quarter’ and ‘the fourth’)
• مِمَّا — Mim-maa — Out of what (= Combination of two words.  The first is  مِنۡ (min) that means ‘among, from or out of the class, category, kind or count of several persons or things.’  The second is  مَاۤ (maa) that means ‘all that, what, whatever, any time, when whenever.’  So the combination means ‘for what; out of what; concerning, regarding, relative to; thereby)
• تَرَكۡنَ‌ — Ta-ruk-na — They left (= v., past., f., pl., 3^rd person. Refers to what the deceased  left for heirs as the inheritance. This word is for female plural of تَرَكَ mentioned above which is for the single male)
• مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, kind or count of several persons or things)
• بَعۡدِ — Bau-day — After (= Behind; later; subsequent to; succeeding. A/t/a, ‘after payment of legacies,’ ‘legacy,’ ‘after  (payment of) any,’ ‘after the payment of’ and ‘after (the payment of)’)
• وَصِيَّةٍ — Wa-see-aa-tin — Will (= n., s., f gender. Action to bequeath; bequest; binding injunction regarding the decedent’s assets; direction by the decedent to take effect after his death; testamentary disposition. Some authors added the word ‘payment’ after using the plural as ‘legacies’ which is inaccurate because the Holy Qor-aan has used this word in the singular as a bequest, will or ‘estate’)
• يُّوۡصِيۡنَ — Yoo -see-na — They bequeath (= v., pres., f., 3^rd person. The bequest your widows make. A/t/a ‘they may have bequeathed’ and ‘made by them’ are inaccurate as they have used the verb in the past tense whereas the Holy Qor-aan has used the verb in present tense. Notice the precision put in the meanings by using appropriate form of verb in ‘they bequeath,’ ‘you bequeath’ and the passive voice ‘is bequeathed’)
• بِ — Bay — With (= Literally the word  بِ  means ‘with’)
• هَا —  Haa — It (= pro., s., f., 3^rd person., Refers to aforesaid ‘will’)
• اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution)
• دَيۡنٍ‌ — Dain — Debt (= n., Amount borrowed; loan. A/t/a, ‘debt (they may have contracted, hath been paid)’ and ‘(still more important) of any (of their) debt.’ This word is singular but was translated in plural)
• وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• لَ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• هُنَّ — Hoon-na(ur) — Them (= pro., pl, f, in 3^rd person. Refers to your widows)
• الرُّبُعُ — Ro-bo-oo — One-fourth (= One quarter; one of the four parts, portions or shares of inheritance)
• مِمَّا — Mim-maa — Out of what (= Combination of two words. مِنۡ (min) and  مَاۤ   (maa).  See مِمَّا above meaning ‘for what; out of what; regarding)
• تَرَكۡ — Ta-ruk — Left (= v., past., pl., 2^nd person. Refers to what the deceased left   for heirs as the inheritance. See تَرَكَ above)
• تُمۡ — Toom — You men (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You. Refers to the husbands)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when; when situation arises; whenever)
• لَمۡ — Lum  — Not (= Absolutely never; no, not at all)
• يَكُنۡ — Ya-koon — Has been (= v., pass., s., m., 3^rd person., Continuously had been; used to; were, went on doing. See يَكُنۡ  above)
• لَّ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You. See  كُمۡ  above)
• وَلَدٌ۬‌ — Wa-la-doon — Child (= n., Literally a boy, a male child, a son. See وَلَدٌ۬‌ above)
• فَ — Fa — But (= After this; hence; so; then; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when. See اِنۡ above)
• كَانَ — Kaa-na — Has been (= v., past., s., m., 3^rd person., Continued doing; had been; used to; were, went on doing. See كَانَ above)
• لَ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• كُمۡ — Koom — You men (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You. Refers to the husbands)
• وَلَدٌ۬‌ — Wa-la-doon — Child (= n., Literally a boy, a male child, a son. See وَلَدٌ۬‌ above)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• لَ — La — For (= Concerning; regarding; for the person. A/t/a, ‘she gets’ and ‘they shall have.’ See لَ / لِ above)
• هُنَّ — Hoon-no(oth) — Them (= pro., pl, f, in 3^rd person. Refers to decedent wives. A/t/a, ‘she gets’ whereas this word used in the Holy Qor-aan is for them in the plural form)
• الثُّمُنُ — Tho-mo-no — One-eighth (= One of the eight parts, portions or shares of inheritance)
• مِمَّا — Mim-maa — Out of what (= Combination of two words. مِنۡ (min) and  مَاۤ   (maa).  See مِمَّا above meaning ‘for what; out of what; regarding)
• تَرَكۡ — Ta-ruk — Left (= v., past., s., 2^nd person. Refers to what the deceased left   for heirs as the inheritance. See تَرَكَ above)
• تُمۡ — Toom — You men (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You. Refers to the husbands)
• مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class. See مِنۡ  above)
• بَعۡدِ — Bau-day — After (= Behind; later; subsequent; succeeding. See بَعۡدِ above)
• وَصِيَّةٍ — Wa-see-aa-tin — Will (= n., s., f gender., Bequest; the direction by the decedent  to take effect after his death. Some authors [aya] have  added the word ‘payment’ after translating this word as ‘legacies’ – See وَصِيَّةٍ  above)
• تُوۡصُوۡنَ — Too-soo-na — You bequeath (= v., pres., m & f., 2^nd person. The bequest you make. A/t/a, ‘you may have bequeathed,’ ‘ye may have bequeathed’ or ‘bequests  made by you’ after the payment of’ are inaccurate for two reasons; firstly using the verb in the past tense and the noun as a plural because the Holy Qor-aan has used the verb in the present tense and the noun وَصِيَّةٍ  in the singular form. See also يُّوۡصِيۡنَ above)
• بِ — Bay — With (= Literally the word  بِ  means ‘with’)
• هَا —  Haa — It (= pro., s., f., 3^rd person., Refers to aforesaid ‘will’)
• اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution)
• دَيۡنٍ‌ — Dain — Debt  (= n., Amount borrowed; loan. See also See also دَيۡنٍ above)
• وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• اِنۡ — In –If (= In case; under the circumstances; when. See اِنۡ above)
• كَانَ — Kaa-na — Has been (= v., past., s., m., 3^rd person., Were. See كَانَ above)
• رَجُلٌ — Ra-jo-loon — Man (= n., s., Male human being)
• يُّوۡرَثُ — Yoo-ra-tho — Being inherited (= v., pres., pass., s., 3^rd person. Deceased whose estate, heritage or legacy is to be distributed. A/t/a, ‘Whose inheritance is in question,’ ‘whose heritage is to be divided,’ ‘leaves property to be inherited [mma] or ‘leaving property to be inherited’)
• كَلٰلَةً — Ka-laa-la-ton — One who died leaving no parent, progeny or proper partner in life as a spouse. A/t/a, ‘distant heir (having left neither parent nor child),‘ ‘having no children,’ ‘Has left neither ascendants nor descendants,’ ‘leave neither children nor parents’ [njd], ‘he (or she – the deceased,’ ‘there is no parent or child’ or ‘has neither parent nor child’. See also 004:177)
• اَوِ — Aa-w(im) — Or else (= Alternatively; in substitution)
• امۡرَاَةٌ — Im-ra-aa-toon — Woman (= n., s., Female human being)
• وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• لَ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to the decedent)
• اَخٌ — Aa-khoon — Brother (= n., Son of the decedent’s parents. Various authors added a totally new concept that the brother or sister specified here must be ‘(only on the mother’s side) and ‘uterine brother or uterine sister’ whereas the text in the Holy Qor-aan has not at all specified that)
• اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution)
• اُخۡتٌ — Ookh-toon — Sister — (= n., Daughter of the decedent’s parents. Some authors have added (only on the mother’s side)’ although the text in the Holy Qor-aan has not at all specified that)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• لِ — Lay — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• كُلِّ — Kool-lay — Everyone (= Each and everyone)
• وَاحِدٍ — Waa-hay-din — One (= n., Each one)
• مِّنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class. See مِنۡ  above)
• هُمَا — Ho-maa — Those two       (= pro., pl., m., 3 ^rd person. Refers to aforesaid two persons namely the brother and sister. A/t/a, ‘them twain (the brother and the sister’ and ‘for each one of the  twain’)
• ٱلسُّدُسُ — So-do-so — One sixth (= One of the six parts, portions or shares of inheritance)
• فَ — Fa — But (= After this; hence; so; then; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when. See اِنۡ above)
• كَانُوۡۤا — Kaa-noo — Have been (= v., past., pl., m., 3^rd person. Were. A/t/a, ‘they be.’ See كَانَ above)
• اَكۡثَرَ — Uk-tha-ro — More than (= Above; exceeding; in excess of)
• مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class. See مِنۡ  above)
• ذٰلِكَ — Zaa-lay-ka — This (= Here; refers to an aforesaid fact, person or statement; it was because; right here; such is this; that is how it is
• فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• هُمۡ‌ — Hoom — They (= pro., pl., m., 3 ^rd person. Refers to aforesaid Kilaalah)
• شُرَكَآءُ — Sho-ra-kaa-o — Equal partners (= n., pl., Associates; participants; peers; sharers. A/t/a, ‘shall be sharers,’ ‘they are (equal) sharers’ and ‘they shall be equal sharers.’ The translation of this verb as ‘they share’ or ‘shall equally share’ is inaccurate because the Holy Qor-aan has used the word which is a noun)
• فِى — F…(ith) — In (= About; concerning; in reference, regarding relative to. Also, amidst; among; belonging; contained or inside a duration, event, time, place, period, thing or situation)
• ٱلثُّلُث — Tho-lo-thay — One-third (= One of the third parts, portions or shares)
• مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class. See مِنۡ  above)
• بَعۡدِ — Bau-day — After (= Behind; later; subsequent; succeeding. See بَعۡدِ above)
• وَصِيَّةٍ — Wa-see-aa-tin — Will (= n., s., f gender., Bequest; the direction by the decedent  to take effect after his death. Some authors [aya] have  added the word ‘payment’ after translating this word as ‘legacies’ – See وَصِيَّةٍ  above)
• يُّوۡصٰى — Yoo-saa — Is bequeathed (= v., pres., pass., 3^rd person. Bequest that may be made. A/t/a, ‘may have been bequeathed.’ But inaccurate is the translation ‘he (or she) may have bequeathed.’  See also يُّوۡصِيۡنَ above)
• بِ — Bay — With (= Literally the word  بِ  means ‘with’)
• هَا —  Haa — It (= pro., s., f., 3^rd person., Refers to aforesaid ‘will’)
• اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution)
• دَيۡنٍ‌ — Dain — Debt  (= n., Amount borrowed; loan. See also See also دَيۡنٍ above)
• غَيۡرَ — Ghai-ra — Without (= Absent; with no)
• مُضَآرٍّ‌ — Mo-dzar-rin — Prejudice (= Causing loss; diminishing; distressing; forcing; hurting or imposing. A/t/a, ‘no loss Is caused (to any one),’ ‘prejudice to the rights of the heirs,’ ‘not injuring (the heirs by willing away more than a third of the heritage),’ ‘(provided such bequest made by the testator and the debt) shall be without (any intent of) being harmful (to the interests of the heirs),’ ‘not injuring (others),‘ ‘all this shall be without intent to cause injury to any one,’ ‘so that no loss is caused (to anyone)’ and ‘without prejudice to the debt’)                                                                  
• وَصِيَّةٍ — Wa-see-aa-tin — Command (= n., f gender., Commandment; direction; injunction; mandate; rule; ordinance. The Holy Qor-aan has used this word three times above in this verse as an act of man, and the present fourth time as an act of God  Almighty. This noun as an act of the Almighty God is translated just like the word  فَرِيۡضَةً  (fa-ree-dza-toon) in the verse 004:012 as an ‘injunction,’ ‘law of Allah” and ‘commandment.’ Translation of this noun as a verb as in ‘ ordained’ is inaccurate)
• مِّنَ — May-na — From (= Among, from or out of the class. See مِنۡ  above)
• اللّٰهِ — Laa-hay — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
• وَ — Wa…(ul) — And (= The وَ  vaao is tantamount to taking oath; solemn declaration or  calling as a witness. Normally a Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
• عَلِيۡمٌ‏ — Alee-m — All-Knowing (= superlative form indicates the greatest, the highest, the most, and highlights that none more than Him knows or is knowing. Informed to the maximum. Has total and perfect knowledge. Has nothing out of sight. Knows all. Nothing whatever is beyond or out of His knowing. Well-Acquainted. Well-Aware. Most Knowledgeable)
• حَلِيۡمٌ‏ — Ha-lee-m — All-Forbearing (= superlative form indicates the greatest, the highest, the most and highlights that none more than Him is Who accommodates, excuses, forbears, overlooks, pardons, puts up with, and tolerates. Extremely Tolerant. Highly Indulgent. A/t/a, ‘Forbearing,’ ‘Most Forbearing’ and ‘gracious’)