004:020

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                       004:020

يٰۤـاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا لَا يَحِلُّ لَـكُمۡ اَنۡ تَرِثُوا النِّسَآءَ كَرۡهًا‌ ؕ  وَلَا تَعۡضُلُوۡهُنَّ لِتَذۡهَبُوۡا بِبَعۡضِ مَاۤ اٰتَيۡتُمُوۡهُنَّ اِلَّاۤ اَنۡ يَّاۡتِيۡنَ بِفَاحِشَةٍ مُّبَيِّنَةٍ‌ ۚ  وَعَاشِرُوۡهُنَّ بِالۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ‌ ۚ  فَاِنۡ كَرِهۡتُمُوۡهُنَّ فَعَسٰۤى اَنۡ تَكۡرَهُوۡا شَيۡــًٔـا وَّيَجۡعَلَ اللّٰهُ فِيۡهِ خَيۡرًا كَثِيۡرًا‏

Yaa-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo                                                                                                Laa-ya-hil-lo-la-koom                                                                                                                            Un-ta-ray-thoon-nay-saa-aa-kur-hun

Wa-laa-tau-dzo-loo-hoon-na-bay-bau-dzay                                                                                    Maa-aa-tai-to-moo-hoon-na-il-laa-un-yau-te-na                                                                          Bay-faa-hay-sha-tin-mo-buy-ya-na-tin

Wa-aa-shay-roo-hoon-na-bil-mau-roo-fay                                                                                      Fa-in-ka-raih-to-moo-hoon-na-fa-asaa                                                                                            Un-tuk-ra-hoo-shaiy-un-wa                                                                                                                Yuj-aa-lul-laa-ho-fee-hay-khai-run-ka-thee-raa

Listen, those who have believed!                                                                                            Not allowed for you is                                                                                                          That you forcibly inherit women.

And do not coerce them to take away some of                                                                  That you gave them unless they come                                                                                  With a glaring lewdness.

And live with them gracefully.                                                                                                And if you abhor them, then it’s possible                                                                          That you loathe something but                                                                                        Allah makes in it a lot of good. (**)

he Holy Qor-aan has used the Phrase Yaa-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo many times

• يٰۤ — Yaa — Listen (= Be attentive; hearken; pay attention; O!)
• اَيُّهَا — Auy-yo-ha(ul) — You all (= All addressees; entire audience; whole lot of listeners)
• ٱلَّذِينَ — Ul-la-zee-na — Those who (= pl., m, 3^rd person. Those articles, things or persons
• اٰمَنُوۡۤ — Aa-ma-noo — They Believed (= v., past., pl., 3^rd person. Believed in the Holy Qor-aan; became Moslems. Accepted, acknowledged, admitted or witnessed their entry in Iss-laam. See Commentaries like Islam – 101, Phrase Aa-ma-noo-wa-aa-may-loos … and Believe and Disbelieve that floodlight other aspects how the Holy Qor-aan has used this word)
• لَا — Laa — Not (= Never; none; not at all; absolute denial; total negation)
• يَحِلُّ — Ya-hil-lo — Is allowed (= v., pass., pres. s., 3^rd person. Has been made lawful, acceptable, appropriate, justified, kosher, legalized, permissible or proper. A/t/a, ‘you are prohibited’ [many  authors] and ‘you are forbidden’)
• لَ –La — For (= For the object, purpose or reason of; intended for. Also, concerning, regarding; relative to; to; towards)
• كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You all men)
• اَنۡ — Un — That (= So that. Also, Absolutely; certainly; definitely; positively; verily)
• تَرِثُوا — Ta-ray-thoo — You inherit (= v., pres., pass., s., 2^nd person. Refers to the illegality of coercing them and imposing on them to make you their heirs. A/t/a, ‘take … as heritage,’ ‘treat … as inherited property’ and ‘inherit’)
• النِّسَآءِ — Nay-saa-aiy — Women (= n., Females of the mankind. Also wives. A/t/a, ‘inherit the women (of your deceased kinsmen)’ and ‘treat women (of your deceased relatives) as inherited property’)
• كَرۡهًا — Kur-hun — Forcibly (= Adv., By compulsion or coercion; repulsively; unhappily; unwillingly. A/t/a, ‘against …will’ and ‘by force’)
• وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
• لَا — Laa — Do not (= Never; none; not at all; absolute denial; total negation)
• تَعۡضُلُوۡ — Tau-dzo-loo — Coerce (= v., pres., m., 2^nd person.  Compel. Force. Place under  duress. Put in distress, in fear, test. Also confine, detain, limit, prevent or restrict. Cause problems. Create hurdles or difficulties. Hinder. Obstruct. A/t/a, ‘bar them from remarrying,’ ‘put constraint upon,’ ‘constrain,’ ‘detain … wrongfully,’ ‘hold .. back wrongfully,’ ‘straiten’ and ‘treat … with harshness’)
• هُنَّ — Hoon-na — Them (= pl, f, in 3^rd person. Women. Reference is to the wives)
• لِ — Lay — For / so that (= For the object, purpose or reason of; intended for. Also, concerning; in order to; regarding; relative to; to)
• تَذۡهَبُوۡا — Tuz-ha-boo — You take away (= v., pres., m., 2^nd person. Literally you go away with. Return. Revere. Revert. Take back. Withdraw)
• بِ — Bay — With (= Literally the word بِ  means with)
• بَعۡضِ — Bau-dzay — Some of (=A few, part, piece, fraction or portion of)
• مَاۤ — Maa — That (= All that; what; whatever; whatsoever)
• اٰتَيۡ — Aa-tai — Gave (= v., past., m., pl., 2^nd person. Delivered; gifted; granted; had given; handed down; handed over; paid; presented; remitted. Also. awarded; bestowed; conferred; laid out. A/t/a, ‘dower Ye have given’ or ‘part of the Mahr you have given them’ should have used the verb as ‘had given’ in order to conform to the past tense used in the Holy Qor-aan)
• تُمُو  — To-moo — You all (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You)
• هُنَّ — Hoon-na — Them (= pl, f, in 3^rd person. Women. Reference is to the wives)
• اِلَّا — Il-laa — Except (= Apart from; but; besides; excluding; save; unless. A/t/a, ‘their being confined to their houses …is a matter apart’)
• اَنۡ — Un — That (= Also, certainly; definitely; positively; verily)
• يَاۡتِيۡنَ  — Yau-tee-na — Come (= v., m., pl., 3^rd person. Appear; arrive; bring about; come up with; show. A/t/a, ‘guilty of” and ‘commit’)
• بِ — Bay — With (= Literally the word بِ  means with)
• فَاحِشَةٍ — Faa-hay-sha-tin — Lewdness (= n., s., Abomination. Immorality. Indecency. Illegality. Inherently bad, evil, foul, immoral, improper, lewd, obscene, repulsive, shameful, sinful or unseemly act, conduct, deed, practice or thing. Violation. Wickedness  by doing in public view any of the above outrages. A/t/a ‘crime,’ ‘conduct,’ ‘guilty of a flagrant evil,’ ‘flagrant impropriety’ but two authors translated it as ‘illegal sexual intercourse’)
• مُّبَيِّنَةٍ‌ — Mo-buy-ya-na-tin — Glaring (= adj., f gender., Conspicuous; evident; flagrant; gross; manifest; nakedly clear; obvious; obtrusive; very high. A/t/a, ‘unbecoming,’ ‘manifest,’ ‘proven’ and ‘open’)
• وَ  — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above. A/t/a, ‘otherwise’   and ‘on the contrary’)
• عَاشِرُو — Aa-shay-roo — Live (=v., pres., m., 2^nd person. A/t/a, ‘consort’ and ‘treat’)
• هُنَّ — Hoon-na  — Them (= pl, f, in 3^rd person. Women. Reference is to the wives)
• بِ — B…(il) — With — (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally means ‘with’ in English
• الۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ‌ — Mau-roo-fay — Grace (= With grace and honor.  In decency, equity, justice or   kindness. On equitable terms. Appropriately; decently; equitably; fairly; honorably; lawfully; nicely; properly; reasonably;   righteously; suitably.  According to the custom and usage. In a fair, just, appropriate, approved, becoming, befitting, customary, equitable, reasonable proper or suitable basis, fashion, manner, method, way or form. As a gesture of kindness. A/t/a, ‘in kindness,’ ‘kindly,’ ‘in peace,’ ‘live with them on a footing of kindness and equity’ and ‘honorably’)
• فَ — Fa —  Then (= Hence; so; thus; in the final analysis; finally; therefore)
• اِنۡ —  In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when; whenever. A/t/a, ‘even if’)
• كَرِهۡتُمُو — Ka-raih-to-moo — You abhor (= v., pres., m., pl., 2^nd person. The Holy Qor-aan used this word to reflect extreme hate and so we have translated it with the strongest available word abhor. Also, hate, disapprove; loathe. Feel or find disgusting,  loathsome, non-palatable, repugnant, tasteless, troublesome, unacceptable, undesired, unpleasant or unwanted. A/t/a, ‘you do not love them,’ ‘are averse to,’ ‘dislike’ and ‘take a dislike to‘)
• هُنَّ — Hoon-na — Them (= pl, f, in 3^rd person. Women. Reference is to the wives)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= Hence; so; thus; finally; therefore. See فَ  above)
• عَسٰۤى — Aa-saa — Possible (= It could happen; quite close; very near. A/t/a, ‘it may be’)
•  اَنۡ — Un — That — (= Also, absolutely; certainly; definitely; positively; verily
• تَكۡرَهُوۡا — Tuk-ra-hoo — You loathe (= v., pres., m., pl., 2^nd person. Abhor; disapprove; dislike; hate; loathe. See كَرِهۡتُمُو above)
• شَيۡـــًٔا‌ — Shai-aa — Anything at all (= Anything at all however little or insignificant. A whit. Not the least. Smallest part of an article, item, object, material, thing, matter, type, phenomenon or stuff. To the least extent. Also, Some, something or somewhat.
•  وَّ —  Wa — But (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• يَجۡعَلَ — Yuj-aa-la(ul) — Makes (= v., pres., s., 3^rd person. Appoints; brings out, causes, converts, creates; directs, grants, makes, places, renders, sets up; turns up; wills. See Note 002:031.  A/t/a, ‘assign’ or ‘designs to assign’)A/t/a, ‘has placed’ or ‘has meant’ are inaccurate translations for they are in the past tense when the Holy Qor-aan has used the verb in the present tense)
• اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
• فِىۡ — Fee — In (= About; concerning; in reference, regarding; relative to)
• هِ — Hay — It (= pro., s., m; 3^rd person., thing or article stated earlier)
• خَيۡرًا — Khai-run — Good (= n., s., Happier and more pleasant occasions, persons, results and things. Also, comparatively superior; of greater, higher or more value)
• كَثِيرً۬ا — Ka-thee-raa — A lot (= Adj., Abundant. Ample. Bigger, greater or larger in number. Good deal. Great favor. Much more. Of exceeding quality and quantity. Of several times higher height. Plump. Plentiful. Without cease. Without stint. Also, the word refers to any multitude, overflowing, repeated or repetitious goodness. A/t/a, ‘much,’ ‘good deal of’ and, ‘for your own.’  The last ten words have also been translated as ‘ye dislike a thing, and God brings about through it a  great deal of good,’ ‘you may be averse to a thing, and God brings about from it much good’ and ‘you dislike a thing through which Allah brings a great deal of good’)

** Note 004:020. Another plausible translation is as follows.

And do not coerce them to take away part of                                                                    What you gave them unless they come                                                                          With a glaring lewdness                                                                                                          But live with them gracefully.

And if you abhor them, then it’s possible                                                                      That you abhor something but                                                                                            Allah turns it into plump good.