005:108

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                            005:108

  فَاِنۡ عُثِرَ عَلٰٓى اَنَّهُمَا اسۡتَحَقَّاۤ اِثۡمًا فَاٰخَرٰنِ يَقُوۡمٰنِ مَقَامَهُمَا مِنَ الَّذِيۡنَ اسۡتَحَقَّ عَلَيۡهِمُ الۡاَوۡلَيٰنِ فَيُقۡسِمٰنِ بِاللّٰهِ لَشَهَادَتُنَاۤ اَحَقُّ مِنۡ شَهَادَتِهِمَا وَ مَا اعۡتَدَيۡنَاۤ‌  اِنَّاۤ‌ اِذًا لَّمِنَ الظّٰلِمِيۡنَ

Fa-in-o-thay-ra-alaa-un-na-ho-mus-ta-huq-qua-ith-mun                                                          Fa-aa-kha-raa-nay-ya-qoo-maa-nay-ma-qaa-mo-ho-maa                                                      May-nul-la-zee-nus-ta-huq-qa-alai-hay-mol-auo-la-yaa-nay

Fa-yooq-say-maa-nay-bil-laa-hay-la-sha-haa-da-to-naa                                                            Aa-huq-qo-min-sha-haa-da-tay-hay-maa                                                                                    Wa-mau-ta-dai-na                                                                                                                              In-na-ezun-la-may-nuz-zaa-lay-mee-n

Then if found against them both that they were confirmed in sin                            Then two others take stand in place of them both                                                            From among those former ones against whom it (= sin) was proven.

Then both swearing by Allah say, “Surely our testimony                                          Is more justified than the testimony of those two.                                                        And we have not crossed the line                                                                                       Because then we surely will be among the wrongdoers.”

• فَ — Fa — Then (= After all that; at the end; consequently; finally; hence; so; thereafter; therefore; thus. A/t/a, ‘But’ and ‘but then … it is afterwards’)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when; when situation arises; whenever)
• عُثِرَ — O-thay-ra — Found (= v., past., pass., 3^rd person. Found were compromised,  prevailed upon or had sinned. Came to light; discovered. A/t/a, ‘ascertained,’ ‘it be discovered,’ ‘it be discovered thereafter,’ ‘discovered,’ ‘it is found,’ ‘both prove’ and ‘gets known’)
• عَلٰى — Alaa — Against (= Above; against; before; during; for; on; on top of; over; to; upon)
• اَ نَّ — Un-na — Surely (= Absolutely; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; positively; really surely; truly; verily. A/t/a, ‘that’)
• هُمَا — Ho-maa — Them both (= pro., 2pl., m., 3^rd person. Refers to foresaid two persons.  A/t/a, ‘the two witnesses,’ ‘‘these two,’ ‘both,’ ‘both of them (the first two witnesses)’ and ‘those two’)
• اسۡتَحَقَّاۤ — Us-ta-huq-qaa — Confirmed (= v., past., 2pl., 3^rd person. Justifiably became certain. The next word اِثۡمًا (ith-mun) pinpointed the meanings as those proven guilty. See below Note 005:108. A/t/a, ‘were guilty of,’ ‘had been guilty of,’ ‘became guilty of’ and ‘have committed.’ But ‘are guilty of’ and ‘merit (the suspicion of)’ as verbs in the present tense, and ‘dishonest’ as as a noun, are no translations of what the Holy Qor-aan has stated by a verb in the past tense)
• اِثۡمًا — Ith-mun — Sin (= adv., Blame; crime; guilt; illegality; infraction; sin;   wrongdoing. A/t/a, ‘sin (of perjury),’ ‘perjury’ and ‘such sin.’ This word along with the prior word has also been jointly translated as ‘dishonest’)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; hence; so; thereafter. See  فَ  above. A/t/a, ‘then replace them with’)
• اٰخَرَانِ — Aa-kha-raa-nay — Two others (= n., 2pl., Another; another group not mentioned before; others. A/t/a, ‘two other witnesses,’ ‘another pair’ and ‘let two others’)
• يَقُوۡمٰنِ — Ya-qoo-maa-nay — Two take stand (= v., pres., 2pl., 3^rd person. Come forward; stand up.  A/t/a, ‘stand forth,’ ‘stand up,’ ‘shall take,’ ‘let … take,’ ‘let … stand in,’  ‘should stand,’ ‘replace them’ and ‘stand forth’)
• مَقَامَ — Mo-qaa-mo — Place (= n., Position. A/t/a, ‘in their places’ and ‘replace’)
• هُمَا — Ho-maa– Them both (= pro., pl., m., 3^rd person. Refers to foresaid two persons. A/t/a, ‘their’ and ‘them’)
• مِنَ — Min — From among (= Among, from or out of the class or category of several articles, counts, kind, things, persons or phenomenon. A/t/a, ‘of’)
• ٱلَّذِينَ — Ul-la-zee-na — Those who (= pl., m, 3^rd person. A/t/a, ’those (heirs)’ and ‘those’)
• اسۡتَحَقَّ — Us-a-huq-qa — Confirmed (= v., past., 2pl., 3^rd person. Justifiably became certain. The next word عَلَيۡ pinpointed the meanings as confirmed to have lied, become corrupted or really compromised. See  اسۡتَحَقَّاۤ  above. A/t/a, ‘who have been guilty of,’ ‘claim a lawful right,’ ‘had sinfully deposed,’  ‘witnesses — who were in a better position to give true evidence – sinfully deposed,’ ‘who were in better position to give true evidence … had deposed,’ ‘who were in a better position (to give true evidence) are sinfully deposed,’ ‘nearly concerned,’ ‘nearest in kin … those who claim a lawful right,’  and ‘immediately concerned’)      
• عَلَيۡ — Alai — Against (= Above; against; for; on; on top of; over)
• هِمُ — Hay-mo..(ol) — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3^rd person. Those men; they; theirs)
• الۡاَوۡلَيٰنِ — Auo-la-yaa-nay — The former (= n., Those who came first; were the predecessors. A/t/a, ‘the former two witnesses’)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thereafter. See  فَ  above. A/t/a, ‘and’)
• يُقۡسِمٰنِ — Yooq-say-maa-nay — Both swearing (= v., pres., 2pl., 3^rd person. Taking oath. A/t/a, ‘Let them swear,’ ‘let them both swear,’ ‘the two latter witnesses shall swear,’ ‘shall swear,’ ‘the later witnesses shall swear … saying,’ ’the two (latter witnesses) swear … (saying)’ and ‘swear’)
• بِ  — Bay — With (= Literally the word  بِ  means with. A/t/a, ‘by’ )
• اللّٰهِ — Laa-hay — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
• لَ — La — Surely (= Absolutely; assuredly; certainly; clearly, definitely; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; positively; really; truly; sincerely; specifically; surely; verily)
• شَهَادَتُ — Sha-haa-da-to — Evidence (= n., An eye-witness account; anything that proves a fact; attestation; corroboration; evidence; observation; proof; testimony. Any means that makes another person see a past event so clearly visible today as if he had seen it himself. A/t/a, ‘testimony’ and ‘We affirm that our testimony’)
• نَآ — Naa — Our (= pro., m/g., pl., 1^st person. Our; Us)
• اَحَقُّ — Aa-huq-qo — More justified (= adj., Appropriate. Better entitled, equipped or suited. Closer to truth. More deserving, just, right and suited. A/t/a, ‘truer’)
• مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class or category of several. See مِنَ above. A/t/a, ‘than’)
• شَهَادَتِ — Sha-haa-da-tay — Evidence (= n., Attestation; Corroboration. See  شَهَادَتُ  above. A/t/a, ‘that of’)
• هِمَا — Hay-maa — Those two (= pro., pl., m., 3^rd person. A/t/a, ‘of the former two,’ ‘their,’ ‘theirs’ and ‘both of them’)
• وَ — Wa — And  (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet)
• مَاۤ — Maa — Not (= Did not; no at all. A/t/a, ‘if we’)
• اعۡتَدَيۡ — Au-ta-dai — Crossed the line (= v., past., pl., 3^rd person. Abused or misused concession; committed excess; crossed red line; disobeyed; exceeded the limit; gone beyond fairness, justice and truthfulness; overstepped; transgressed. A/t/a, ‘trespassed (beyond the truth),’ ‘trespassed (the truth),’ ‘told … lies,’ ‘transgressed the bounds of duty,’ ‘transgressed,’ ‘exceeded the limit,’ ‘have … been unfair in any way,’ ‘have … guilty of any misstatement’ and ‘have … exceeded the bounds of justice (in bearing the evidence)’
• نَآ  — Naa — We (= pro., m/g., pl., 1^st person. Our; Us)]
• اِنَّا — In-naa — Surely we (= Combines two words. اِنَّ  means ‘certainly, definitely, surely or verily. And  نَآ  means ‘all of us.’ Joined together the word  اِنَّا  (in-naa) combines both meanings. A/t/a, ‘if we did, Behold!,’ ‘we would be,’ ‘we should be’ and ‘we  shall be’)
• اِذًا — Aiy-zun — Then (= At the time or event; call to mind; recall; remember; think of the time, event, occasion or opportunity. Also, behold; consider; ponder over; reflect. A/t/a, ‘for then’ and ‘in that case’)
• لَّ — La — Surely (= Absolutely; assuredly. See لَ  above. A/t/a, ‘certainly’ and ‘indeed’)
• مِنَ —  May-n … ( uz) — From (= Among, from or out of the kind or class. See مِنَ  above, A/t/a, ‘of’)
• الظّٰلِمِيۡنَ– Zaa-lay-mee-n — Wrongdoers (= n., pl., Bad people.  Criminals.  Culprits.  Doers of harm, hurt or injury.  Evildoers. Polytheists. Transgressors. Those who commit, do, practice, repeat or habitually pursue the evil and cause grievous wrongs to others. Unfair. Unjust. Violators. Wicked. A/t/a, ‘wrong be upon us’ and ‘wrongdoers’)

** Note 005:108. The Arabic language has derivates which are words derived from one of its roots. Some nouns are based upon one of its formats called Baab. The word  اسۡتَحَقَّاۤ  in this verse is derived from the root ح ق ق and formatted per basis Baab Iss-tif-aal (استفعا ل).

The following are other examples of such derivates in the Baab Iss-tif-aal.

• The derivate استعمال from the root ع م ل means seeking the use of or using.
• The derivate استقبال from the root ق ب ل means seeking to meet face to face or welcoming.
• The derivate استدلال from the root د ل ل means seeking to argue or arguing.
• The derivate استحصال from the root ح ص ل means seeking to collect or collecting taxes.
• The derivate استحقاق from the root ح ق ق means seeking to justify or proving true.

The meanings of the word اسۡتَحَقَّاۤ  are confirmed, proved, made certain. It can be a finding of a fact, proof of sin, or verdict that a criminal is guilty. Or, what was pursued, sought or wanted and has correctly, justifiably and reasonably become certain, an established truth, a confirmed reality, a conclusively proven fact that someone had lied, was corrupted or compromised.