004:012

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                                     004:012

يُوۡصِيۡكُمُ اللّٰهُ فِىۡۤ اَوۡلَادِكُمۡ‌  لِلذَّكَرِ مِثۡلُ حَظِّ الۡاُنۡثَيَيۡنِ‌ ۚ   فَاِنۡ كُنَّ نِسَآءً فَوۡقَ اثۡنَتَيۡنِ فَلَهُنَّ ثُلُثَا مَا تَرَكَ‌ ۚ  وَاِنۡ كَانَتۡ وَاحِدَةً فَلَهَا النِّصۡفُ‌ ؕ  وَلِاَ بَوَيۡهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِّنۡهُمَا السُّدُسُ مِمَّا تَرَكَ اِنۡ كَانَ لَهٗ وَلَدٌ ۚ  فَاِنۡ لَّمۡ يَكُنۡ لَّهٗ وَلَدٌ وَّوَرِثَهٗۤ اَبَوٰهُ فَلِاُمِّهِ الثُّلُثُ‌ ؕ   فَاِنۡ كَانَ لَهٗۤ اِخۡوَةٌ فَلِاُمِّهِ السُّدُسُ مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِ وَصِيَّةٍ يُّوۡصِىۡ بِهَاۤ اَوۡ دَيۡنٍ‌ ؕ   اٰبَآؤُكُمۡ وَاَبۡنَآؤُكُمۡ ۚ   لَا تَدۡرُوۡنَ اَيُّهُمۡ اَقۡرَبُ لَـكُمۡ نَفۡعًا‌ ؕ   فَرِيۡضَةً مِّنَ اللّٰهِ ‌ؕ   اِنَّ اللّٰهَ كَانَ عَلِيۡمًا حَكِيۡمًا‏

Yoo-see-ko-mool-laa-ho-fee-auo-laa-day-koom                                                                              Liz-za-ka-ray-mith-lo-huz-zil-oon-tha-yai-nay                                                                              Fa-in-koon-na-nay-saa-un-fao-quth-na-tai-nay                                                                            Fa-la-hoon-na-tho-lo-thaa-maa-ta-ra-ka                                                                                        Wa-in-kaa-nut-waa-hay-da-ton-fa-la-hun-nis-fo

Wa-lay-aa-ba-waiy-hay                                                                                                                        Lay-kool-lay-waa-hay-dim-min-ho-moos-so-do-so                                                                       Mim-maa-ta-ra-ka-in-kaa-na-la-hoo-wa-lud

Faa-in-lum-ya-koon-la-ho-wa-la-doon                                                                                            Wa-wa-ray-tha-hoo-aa-ba-waa-ho                                                                                                    Fa-lay-oom-may-hith-tho-lo-tho  

Fa-in-kaa-na-la-hoo-ikh-wa-toon                                                                                                      Fa-lay-oom-may-his-so-do-so                                                                                                              Min-bau-day-wa-se-aa-tin-too-se-bay-haa-auo-dain.

Aa-baa-o-koom-wa-ub-naa-o-koom                                                                                                Laa-tud-roo-na-auy-yo-hoom-uq-ra-bo-la-koom-nuf-aa

Fa-re-dza-tum-may-nul-laa-hay                                                                                                      In-nul-laa-ha-kaa-na-aa-lee-mun-ha-ke-maa

Allah directs you regarding your children.                                                                  For the male is equal to the share of two females.                                                          Then if there have been women more than two                                                              Then for them is two-third of what he left behind.                                                          And if there has been just one, then for her is one-half.

And for his parents                                                                                                                      For each one of those two is one-sixth                                                                                From what he left behind if there had been a child for him.

If he has not had a child                                                                                                            And both his parents inherited him                                                                                  Then for his mother is one-third.

Then if there has been for him a sibling                                                                              Then for his mother is one-sixth.                                                                                            After any bequest he makes or any debt.

Your parents or your children!                                                                                            You do not know who is closer to you in benefit.

This is an obligation from Allah.                                                                                            Surely Allah has always been All-Knowing, All-Wise.

• يُوۡصِيۡ — Yoo-see — Directs (= v., pres., s., 3^rd person. This verb when used as an act  by God Almighty means admonishes, binds, mandates, obligates, and also ‘chargeth,’ ‘commands,’ ‘directs,’ ‘enjoins’ and ‘prescribes (the following) law (of inheritance).’  The translation of this verb in the past tense as ‘enjoined’ is inaccurate because the Holy Qor-aan has used it in the present participle tense. This verb when used as an act of man means as stated in the later part of this verse)
• كُمُ — Ko-mo…(ol) — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person., You . The Holy Qor-aan states that way when addressing both men and women jointly)
• اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
• فِىۡ  — Fee — Regarding (= About; concerning; in, reference, regarding. The word also means amidst; among; belonging; contained inside a duration, event, time, place, period, thing or situation. A/t/a, ‘concerning (the provision for)’ and ‘as regards’)
• اَوۡلَادِ — Auo-laa-day — Children (= n., pl., Off-springs; son and daughters. A/t/a, ‘children’s (inheritance)’  )
• كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person., You. See كُمۡ  above)
• لِ — Lay..(iz) — For (= For the attention, benefit, cause, object, convenience, determination, purpose or reason of. Also, belonging to, concerning, intended for, regarding, relative to, to and towards. In verses 004:012 and 004:013 used 21 times this word has also been translated by various authors as ‘appertaineth,’ ‘belongeth,’ ‘belongs,’ ‘has,’ ‘have,’ ‘share of inheritance,’ ‘theirs,’ ‘their share,’ ‘shall inherit’ or ‘will get, have or inherit’)
• لذَّكَرِ –Za-ka-ray — The male (= n., Man; human being in masculine gender)
• مِثۡلُ — Mith-lo — Like (= Duplicate; identical in nature; just like; the same way; resembling; similar; substitute. Of the same kind, looks, quality, shape or type. A/t/a, various authors translated his word as ‘Twice as much as a female,’ ‘equal to,’ ‘equivalent of the portion of two  females’ and ‘as much as’)
• حَظِّ — Huz-z..(il) — Share (= n., Part; portion; slice)
• الۡاُنۡثَيَيۡنِ‌ — Oon-tha-yai-nay — Two females (= Two persons of feminine gender; woman)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= Hence; so; thus; after all this; at the end; in conclusion; consequently; finally; resultantly; thereafter; therefore. A/t/a, ‘but’)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when; whenever)
• كُنَّ — Koon-na — They have been (= v., past., pl., f., 3^rd person., Females were. Continued doing; had been; used to; were, went on doing. A/t/a,’there are’ and ‘there be’)
• نِسَآءً — Nay-saa-un — Women (= Females of the mankind; ladies. A/t/a, ‘daughters,’   ‘girls,’ ‘all females,’ ‘only females’ and ‘females only’)
• فَوۡقَ — Fao-qa…(uth) — More than (= Above; beyond. The next degree above, over, greater, higher, larger or superior. Also, the next degree below, inferior, lower, lesser, smaller or under as used in the verse 002:027)
• ٱثۡنَتَيۡنِ  — (U)th-na-tai-nay — Two females (= Two persons of feminine gender; woman. A/t/a, ‘Daughters, two or more,’ ‘numbering more than two’ and ‘(two or more)’ )
• فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• لَ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• هُنَّ — Hoon-na — Them (= pl, f, in 3^rd person. Refers to aforesaid women meaning daughters)
• ثُلُثَا — Tho-lo-thaa — Two thirds (= Two out of a total of three)
• مَاۤ — Maa — All that (= What; whatever; whatsoever)
• تَرَكَ –Ta-ra-ka — He left behind (= v., past., s., 3^rd person. Left as inheritance. Passed on. Saved, shelved or stored something as highly valuable. Some translations include ‘he (- the deceased) has left’ and ‘the deceased should leave.’ But the inaccurate translations of this verb include legacy or inheritance which are nouns, and those like ‘what the deceased leaves’ or ‘leave’ which are in the present tense whereas the Holy Qor-aan has used the verb in the past tense)
• وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when. See اِنۡ above)
• كَانَتۡ — Kaa-nut — She has been (= v., past., s., f., 3^rd person.. A/t/a, ‘there be’)
• وَٲحِدَةً۬ — Waa-hay-da-ton — One female (= Only one. A/t/a, ‘only one (daughter)’ )
• فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• لَ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• هَا — Haa…(un) –Her (= pro., s., f., 3^rd person., Refers to aforesaid ‘female’)
• ٱلنِّصۡفُ — Nis-fo — One half (= Half of; fifty percent (50%). A/t/a, ‘a half’ and ‘the half’)
• وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• لِ — Lay — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• أَبَوَيۡ — Aa-ba-wai — Both parents (= The two parents referring to the mother and father)
• هِ — Hay — His (= pro., s., m; 3^rd person., Refers to the decedent)
• لِ — Lay — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• كُلِّ — Kool-lay — Each (= Everyone of the two parents; the mother and father)
• وَٲحِدٍ — Waa-hay-din — One male (= m., A single; just one; only one. A/t/a, ‘each’)
• مِّنۡ —  Min — Of (= Among, from, of or out of the class or category of the several articles, counts, kind, things or persons)
• هُمَا — Ho-maa..(us) — Those two (= pro., pl., m., 3 ^rd person. Refers to both parents. This and the four earlier words have also been translated as ‘each of them’)
• ٱلسُّدُسُ — So-do-so — One sixth (= One of the six parts, portions or shares of inheritance. A/t/a, ‘a sixth of the inheritance’)
• مِمَّا — Mim-maa — Out of what (= Combination of two words.  The first is  مِنۡ  (min) that   means ‘among, from or out of the class, category, kind, count or several persons or things.’  The second is  مَاۤ (maa) that means ‘all that, what, whatever, any time, when whenever.’  So the combination means ‘for what; out of what; concerning, regarding, relative to; thereby)
• تَرَكَ — Ta-ra-ka — He left behind (= v., past., s., 3^rd person. Refers to what the deceased left for heirs as the inheritance. See  تَرَكَ  above)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when. See اِنۡ above)
• كَانَ — Kaa-na — Has been (= v., past., s., m., 3^rd person. Was as for only one child)
• لَ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to the decedent. A/t/a, ‘deceased’ and ‘if he have’)
• وَلَدٌ۬‌ — Wa-la-doon — A child (= Offspring. Refers to one or more sons or daughters.  A/t/a, ‘if he have a son’ and ‘if the deceased left children’)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when. See اِنۡ above)
• لَمۡ — Lum — Not (= Absolutely never; no, not at all)
• يَكُنۡ  — Ya-koon… (l) — Have been (= v., pres., s., m., 3^rd person., Happen to be. A/t/a, ‘if he have no son,’ ‘if he have no child,’ ‘if no children’ and ‘if he leave no children’)
• لَّ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to the decedent. A/t/a, ‘deceased’)
• وَلَدٌ۬‌ — Wa-la-doon — A child (= Offspring. Refers to one or more sons or daughters. Also, this plus six earlier words have also been jointly translated as ‘but if he have no child’)
• وَ  — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• وَرِثَ — Wa-ray-tha — Inherited (= v., past., s., m., 3^rd person., Succeeded. A/t/a, ‘are his heirs,’ ‘are the (only) heirs,’ ‘be his heirs’ and ‘inherit him’ are inaccurate translation of this verb in the present tense and a noun because the Holy Qor-aan has used this as a verb in the past tense and not as a noun)
• هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to the decedent)
• أَبَوَا — Aa-ba-waa — Both parents (= The two parents; mother and father. A/t/a, ‘(only) his two parents’)
• هُ — Ho — Him (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to the decedent)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• لِ — Lay — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• أُمِّ — Oom-may — Mother (= n., The woman who gave birth; Matter)
• هِ — H…(ith) — His (= pro., s., m; 3^rd person. The decedent)
• ٱلثُّلُث — Tho-lo-tho — One-third (= One of the third part, portion or share of inheritance. Added without anything specifically stated in the text of the Holy Qor-aan is ‘(and the rest two thirds is for the father)’ )
• فَ  — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when. See اِنۡ above)
• كَانَ — Kaa-na — Has been (= v., past., s., m., 3^rd person., Was. A/t/a, ‘there be’ and ‘he have’)
• لَ — La — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3^rd person. Refers to the decedent. A/t/a, ‘he have’ )
• اِخۡوَةٌ — Ikh-wa-toon — A sibling (= n., Any brother or sister. A/t/a, ‘brethren,’ ‘two brothers,’ ‘brothers or (sisters),‘ ‘but if he has brothers’ are not accurate translations as  the Holy Qor-aan has pointed to a sibling who can be a brother, sister or a mix of them. Also, the addition to the translation ‘(in addition to his parents)’ is not warranted because the text of the Holy Qor-aan has not specified that)
• فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thus; therefore. See فَ above)
• لِ — Lay — For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• أُمِّ — Oom-may — Mother (= n., The woman who gave birth; Matter)
• هِ — Hay…(ith) — His  (= pro., s., m; 3^rd person. The aforesaid decedent) 
• ٱلسُّدُسُ- – So-do-so — One sixth (= One of the six parts, portions or shares of inheritance)
• مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class. See مِنۡ  above) )
• بَعۡدِ — Bau-day — After (= Behind; later; subsequent to; succeeding. A/t/a, ‘(The distribution in all cases is) after the payment of legacies,’ ‘after (payment of),’ ‘All this is subject to the payment of any’  and ‘after (the payment of)’)
• وَصِيَّةٍ — Wa-see-aa-tin — Will (= n., s., f gender. Action to bequeath; bequest; binding  injunction regarding the decedent’s assets; direction by the decedent to take effect after his death; testamentary disposition. A/t/a, ‘(The distribution in all cases is) after the payment of legacies’ and ‘legacy’)
• يُّوۡصِىۡ — Yoo-see — He wills (= v., pres., m., 3^rd person. This verb when used as an act of a human being means a will or bequest that he makes in his lifetime. As an act of God this verb means as shown above. A/t/a, ‘he may have bequeathed, ‘ ‘he may have bequeathed’… (have been paid),’ ‘after the payment of his debts and any legacies he may have bequeathed,’ ‘he may have bequeathed or (still more important) of any debt  (- bequests made by the testator and his debts shall however be satisfied first)’ and ‘made by him,’  but such translations are inaccurate because, firstly, they have stated in the past tense what the Holy Qor-aan described in the present tense and, secondly, they have made additions which the text of the Holy Qor-aan has not specified)
• بِ — Bay — With (= Literally the word  بِ  means ‘with’)
• هَا — Haa — It (= pro., s., f., 3^rd person., Refers to aforesaid ‘will’)
• اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution)
• دَيۡنٍ‌ — Dain — Debt (= n., Amount borrowed; loan. This singular word has been translated into a plural by some authors )
• اٰبَآؤُ — Aa-baa-o — Fathers (= n., pl., The word fathers includes forefathers hhs (how high so ever). Here the word does not include mothers who are included in the word أَبَوَيۡ (aa-ba-wai) which is used above in this verse. A/t/a, ‘You may wonder’ is author’s  addition to but no translation of any text of the Holy Qor-aan)
• كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person., You . See  كُمۡ  above)
• وَ  — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
• اَبۡنَآؤ — Ub-naa-o — Children (= n., pl., This word is the plural of ابۡن (ibn) which means sons, boys, male family members or men. But the term includes children h.l.s. (how low so ever), descendants, off-springs, posterity, progeny)
• كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person., You. See  كُمۡ  above)
• لَا — Laa — Do not (= Naught; neither; never; none; nor; not at all; absolute denial and total negation without exception)
• تَدۡرُوۡنَ — Tud-roo-na — You know (= v., pres., pl., 2^nd person. Aware; realize; understand. A/t/a, ‘Ye know not’ and ‘you know not’)
• اَيُّ — Auy-yo — Who of many (= Refers to a small number out of a much larger group. A/t/a, ‘which of them’)
• هُمۡ‌ — Hoom — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3 ^rd person. Refers to parents and kids)
• أَقۡرَبُ — Uq-ra-bo — Closer (= adv., Akin to; fairer; great deal; greatly; highly; much;  more; nearer; a whole lot more appropriate. Also, best; nearest; exceedingly; properly, totally, very or wholly. A/t/a, ‘nearer’)
• لَ — La —  For (= Has; have, belongs to; for the benefit of, intended for; shall or will get, have or inherit. See also لَ / لِ above)
• كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person., You.  See كُمۡ  above)
• نَفۡعًا — Nuf-aa — In benefit (= Advantage or advantageous, benefit or beneficial, good  in results. This word has been translated as an adverb,  adjective and a noun, such as ‘beneficial’ or ‘usefulness.’ But the difference is how various authors have presented that in their works such as:                                                                                                                — ‘deserve better to benefit from you,’                                                                                           — ‘in conferring benefits upon you,’                                                                                               — ‘is more beneficent to you,’                                                                                                        — ‘is nearest to you in benefit,’ and                                                                                                — ‘are nearest to you in benefit.’
• فَرِيۡضَةً — Fa-ree-dza-toon — Obligation (= n., f gender. Command. Commandment. Direction. Duty. Injunction. Law. Mandate. Order. Rule. Something that has been made obligatory and must be enforced. Also, the ‘law of Allah,’ ‘ordinance from Allah’ and ‘(This) fixing (of portions) is.’ The Holy Qor-aan has used this noun, but some authors have translated it inaccurately as a verb as in mandated, obligated, ‘fixed,’ ‘settled portions ordained’ and ‘(these fixed shares) are ordained.’ The word  وَصِيَّةٍ (wa-see-aa-tin) used in verse 004:013 has been translated (a) synonymously with this word both (b) as a noun as in ‘ordinance’ as well as (c) inaccurately as a verb as in ‘ordained.’)
• مِّنَ — May-na…(ul) From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind    or several articles, things, persons or phenomenon.  A/t/a, ‘by’)
• اللّٰهِ — Laa-hay — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
• اِنَّ — In-na…(ul) — Surely (= Absolutely; definitely; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed;      positively; really; seriously; surely; truly; verily. A/t/a, ‘Lo!’)
• ٱللَّهَ — Laa-ha — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God. A/t/a, ‘He is’)
• كَانَ        Kaa-na             Has been         (= v., past., s., m., 3^rd person., Were. See كَانَ above)
• عَلِيۡمًا — Alee-mun — All-Knowing (= superlative form indicates the greatest, the highest, the most, and highlights that none more than Him knows or is knowing. Informed to the maximum. Has total and perfect knowledge. Has nothing out of sight. Knows all. Nothing whatever is beyond or out of His knowing. Well-Acquainted. Well-Aware. Most Knowledgeable. A/t/a, ‘ever Knowing’)
• حَكِيۡمًا‏ — Ha-ke-maa — All-Wise (= superlative form indicates the greatest, the highest, the most, and highlights that none more than Him is Exalted in wisdom. Best Possessor of wisdom. Extremely shrewd. Full of wisdom. The Wisest