002:181

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                       002:181

كُتِبَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ اِذَا حَضَرَ اَحَدَكُمُ الۡمَوۡتُ اِنۡ تَرَكَ خَيۡرَا  ۖۚ  اۨلۡوَصِيَّةُ لِلۡوَالِدَيۡنِ وَالۡاَقۡرَبِيۡنَ بِالۡمَعۡرُوۡفِۚ حَقًّا عَلَى الۡمُتَّقِيۡنَؕ‏

Ko-tay-ba-ezaa-ha-dza-ra-aa-ha-da-ko-mool-mao-to
In-ta-ra-ka-khai-run
Ul-wa-se-ya-to-lil-waa-lay-dai-nay-wul-uq-ra-be-na                                                                  Bil-mau-roo-fay-huq-qun-alul-moot-ta-qee-n

Prescribed for you when death came to any of you
If he left behind assets
Is the bequest for parents and close relatives 
Made with fairness – a binding duty on the righteous.

• كُتِبَ  — Ko-tay-ba — Prescribed  (= 1. Mandated, ordered, prescribed, preserved, recorded,  written Do’s and Don’ts that hold good eternally and are  made operative universally. 2. Authentic penned down material in black and white which is the decreed part of  a religion. The Holy Scripture sent down as a part of Divine Directive of Commands, Prohibitions, Rules and Regulations.  Put down in the Spiritual Code  codifying the rules of universal application.
• عَلَيۡ — Alai — On (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
• کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You. The Holy Qor-aan states  this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
• اِ ذَ ا — Ezaa — When (= Any time or event; behold; consider; whenever)
• حَضَرَ — Ha-dza-ra — Came to (= v., past., pl., 3^rd person. Appeared; attended; arrived; presented; visited)
• اَحَدَ — Aa-ha-da — Anyone (= Any one; one of many)
• كُمُ — Ko-mo…(ol) — You (= pro., pl., m., 2^nd person. You. The Holy Qor-aan states  this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
• الۡمَوۡتُ — Mao-to — Death (= After end of life on earth; extinction; stupor)
• اِنۡ — In — If (= If situation arises; in case; under the circumstances)
• تَرَكَ — Ta-ra-ka — Left behind (= v., past., s., 3^rd person. Left as inheritance for someone else to take care of. Also, abandoned; cast off; deserted; discarded; disowned; forsaken; rejected; saved, shelved or stored as a highly valuable souvenir; treated useless as derelict or redundant)
• خَيۡرَا — Khai-run — Assets (= Inheritance consisting of considerable possessions,  property and wealth; goods; horses, material belongings, temporal things)
• اۨلۡوَصِيَّةُ — Ul-wa-se-ya-to — The will (= n., s., f gender. Action to bequeath; Bequest. Binding injunction, specific direction, testamentary disposition and expression of intent of a decedent to take effect after his death regarding his assets, inheritance, lands, legacy, moneys, property, possessions, valuables and wealth. The Holy Qor-aan has used this word in the singular form)
• لِلۡ — L…(il) — For (= Decreed, for the benefit or purpose of. Concerning.  In the matter of. Regarding. Relative to)
• لۡوَالِدَيۡنِ — Waa-lay-dai-nay — Parents (= Mother and father)
• وَ — Wa…(ul) — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but;  also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
• الۡاَقۡرَبِيۡنَ — Uq-ra-be-na — Close relatives (= Closely related; near kin; next of kin; near relatives)
• بِ — B…(il) — With (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally in English means ‘with’.  When used with the word الۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ‌ it has been translated  variously like ‘according to, as a, as a gesture of, in, on or within)
• الۡمَعۡرُوۡفِ‌ — Mau-roo-f — Fairness (= As appropriate customarily in decency, equity, grace, kindness, law honor and kindness. More meanings in Note 002:179)
• حَقًّا — Huq-qun — Binding duty (= 1. Command; direction; duty; mandate; obligation made incumbent; order.   2.  Appreciable; desirable;  equitable; honorable; justified; proper; reasonable.   In appropriateness.  In equity.  In fairness and propriety.  In justice; just cause; justified conduct; In suitability; suitable; with justification.  Reasonableness; solid good reason. Right; right Faith;  exact particulars; total truth; precise truth; truthfulness)
• عَلَيۡ — Alai — On (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
• الۡمُتَّقِيۡنَ — Moot-ta-qee-n –The righteous    (= n., Those who avoid angering Allah, act piously and righteously, become God-fearing, and righteous, clean inner self, do duty to God, guard against or ward off evil. Protect, rescue, restrain or save themselves. See our Commentary The Righteous)

* Note 002:181.  This verse applies only to a dying person’s thoughts about his parents and immediate family are allowed as a verbal will. This verse does not affect intestate property and is no way meant to avoid injustice to others or other considerations around a testator’s acts. This verse also does not override any secular law or rules which relate to a will made as a “Dying Declaration” [which under the Law of Evidence is really limited to the criminal cases only and does not apply to civil disputes relating to the property].

            ** Note 002:181a. The Law of Wills includes this and the next two verses. The Law of Inheritance includes the verses 004:012 to 004:015. Some schools have carved out situations in which one Law overrides the other. Really both Laws merit to be obeyed.