The Holy Qor-aan 003:157
يٰۤـاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا لَا تَكُوۡنُوۡا كَالَّذِيۡنَ كَفَرُوۡا وَقَالُوۡا لِاِخۡوَانِهِمۡ اِذَا ضَرَبُوۡا فِى الۡاَرۡضِ اَوۡ كَانُوۡا غُزًّى لَّوۡ كَانُوۡا عِنۡدَنَا مَا مَاتُوۡا وَمَا قُتِلُوۡا ۚ لِيَجۡعَلَ اللّٰهُ ذٰ لِكَ حَسۡرَةً فِىۡ قُلُوۡبِهِم ۡؕ وَاللّٰهُ يُحۡىٖ وَيُمِيۡتُ ؕ وَ اللّٰهُ بِمَا تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ بَصِيۡرٌ
Ya-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo Laa-ta-koo-noo-kul-la-zee-na-ka-fa-roo Wa-qaa-loo-lay-ikh-waa-nay-him Ezaa-dza-ra-bo-fil-ur-dzay-auo-kaa-noo-gho-zun Lao-kaa-noo-in-da-naa-maa-maa-to-wa-maa-qo-tay-loo Lay-yuj-aa-lul-laa-ho-zaa-lay-ka-hus-ra-ton-fee-qo-oo-bay-him Waul-laa-ho-yoh-yee-wa-yo-meet Waul-laa-ho-bay-maa-tau-la-moo-na-ba-see-r
Listen you all who believed Do not be like those who disbelieved And said to their brethren When they had travelled in the world or became conquerors If they were with us, they would not died and not killed. It was so that Allah makes it an anguish in their hearts. By God Allah gives life and causes death. By God Allah is the seer of all you do.
The Holy Qor-aan has used the Phrase Yaa-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo many times
- يٰۤ — Yaa — Listen (= Be attentive; hearken; pay attention; O!)
- اَيُّهَا — Auy-yo-ha(ul) — You all (= All addressees; entire audience; whole lot of listeners)
- ٱلَّذِينَ — Ul-la-zee-na — Those who (= pl., m, 3rd person. Those articles, things or persons
- اٰمَنُوۡۤ — Aa-ma-noo — They Believed (= v., past., pl., 3rd person. Believed in the Holy Qor-aan; became Moslems. Accepted, acknowledged, admitted or witnessed their entry in Iss-laam. See Commentaries like Islam – 101, Phrase Aa-ma-noo-wa-aa-may-loos … and Believe and Disbelieve that floodlight other aspects how the Holy Qor-aan has used this word)
- لَا — Laa — No, not (= Absolute denial; never; not at all; total negation)
- تَكُوۡنُوۡآ — Ta-koo-noo — You be (= v., past., pl., 2nd person. You all become or grow to be. This verb shows that the stated action has been happening or occurring since the past or present and will go on continuing into the future)
- كَ — Ka…(ul) — Like (= Identical; resembling; similar to the one stated in prior verse to. Take the example or similitude of)
- ٱلَّذِينَ — Ul-la-zee-na — Those who (= pl., m, 3rd person. Refers to those in masculine gender that include all articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
- كَفَرُوۡا — Ka-fa-roo — Disbelieved (= v., past, pl., 3rd person. Denied, refused and rejected the Faith and belief in Allah, the Holy Qor-aan, Islam and become Moslem. See more meanings in the Note 002:007)
- وَ — Wa– And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
- قَا لُوۡا — Qaa-loo — They said (= v., past, pl., m; 3rd person: All those men alleged; announced; argued; asserted; broadcast; called out; challenged; claimed; contended; conveyed; declared; insisted; maintained; objected; persisted; professed; protested; stated; submitted; suggested; told)
- لِ — Lay — For (= Belongs to; for the benefit, object, purpose or reason. Also, concerning, regarding; relative to; intended for)
- اِخۡوَانِ — Ikh-waa-nay — Brethren (= n., pl., Those in the extended family of a community who are like brothers and sisters)
- هِمۡ — Him — Their (= pro., pl., m., 3 rd person. Refer to the disbelievers)
- اِذَاۤ — Ezaa — When (= Any time or event; behold; call to mind, consider; recall; ponder over; reflect; remember or think of the time, event, now that; occasion, opportunity; take into consideration; whenever)
- ضَرَبُوۡا — Dza-ra-boo — Travelled (= v., past., pl., 3rd person., Fought in a battle; gone out; moved around; struck. See Note 003:157 why in the present context the word means journeyed or travelled. A/t/a, as ‘went’ which is a verb in the present tense. But improperly translated in the present tense is ‘they are traveling (t)hrough the earth,’ ‘meet death abroad or in battle,’ ‘to go about in the land,’ ‘go forth to war’ and ‘they travel in earth’)
- فِى — F(il) — On (= In the instant case stating ‘On earth’ is more appropriate [See Note at 002:028] to convey in English the intent of original text. Literally amidst, among, contained or in a duration, event, time, place, period, thing or situation)
- الۡاَرۡضِ –Ur-dzay — The world (= Area; country; earth; ground; land; territory)
- اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution
- كَانُوۡا — Kaa-noo — They were (= v., past., pl., m., 3rd person., Continuously had been; used to; were, went on doing. This verb and its 14 grammatical variations indicate an act’s continuity from the past to the present and leading into the future)
- غُزًّى — Ghooz-za — Conquerors (= n., pl., Victorious of a battle, veterans; winners; who won a war. The correct translation will include the nouns as in survivors and winners of a battle. But it is incorrect to say in a past tense verb as ‘engaged in fighting’ and ‘engaged in battle,’ or in a present tense verb as ‘engage in fighting,’ ‘go forth to war,’ ‘go forth to war, in the cause of Allah,’ ‘go forth on any campaign (and fall martyrs),’ ‘fighting in the field’ and ‘meet death abroad in battle’)
- لَّوۡ — Lao — If (= In case; under the circumstances)
- كَانُوۡا — Kaa-noo — They were (= v., past., pl., m., 3rd person., Continuously had been See كَانُوۡا above)
- عِنۡدَ– In-da — Near (= At; close at hand; from; in; in close proximity of; with. In the counting, esteem; estimate, eyes, front, near or presence of. Within the presence, precincts, seeing or sight of. A/t/a, remained; stayed; bided)
- نَآ — Naa — Us (= pro., pl., 1st person. Us. Used with God’s name it is the authoritative way a higher-up talks to a subordinate)
- مَاۤ — Maa — Not (= Absolutely not. Any time; time; when; whenever)
- مَاتُوۡا — Maa-too — They died (= v., past. ,pl., 3rd person., Breathed their last; expired; passed away. The Holy Qor-aan used this word in the past tense; so it is inaccurate to translate it in the present tense as ‘die‘. See our Commentary titled as ‘Preciseness Hallmark of the Arabic)
- وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
- مَاۤ — Maa — Not (= Absolutely not. Any time; time; when; whenever)
- قُتِلُوۡا — Qo-tay-loo — Killed (= v., pass., s., f., 3rd person., Deprived of life; destroyed; murdered; slain)
- لِ — Lay — It was so that (= For. This was done for the purpose or reason; intending, concerning, regarding; relative to; with the object of)
- يَجۡعَلَ — Yuj-aa-la…(ul) — Makes (= v., pres., s., 3rd person. Appoints; brings out, causes, converts, creates; directs, grants, makes, places, renders, sets up; turns up; wills. See Note 002:031)
- اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
- ذٰ لِكَ — Zaa-lay-ka — All this (= All things mentioned, shown, specified stated or told)
- حَسۡرَةً — Hus-ra-ton — Anguish (= n., Feeling of guilt, shame. regret; remorse sorrow. Pain from an unfilled desire. Sadness. A/t/a, cause of ‘sighs and regrets,’ ’cause of intense regret in their hearts’ and ‘Allah will cause them to regret their words’)
- فِىۡ — Fee — In (= Contained or inside a place. See فِىۡ above)
- قُلُوۡبِ — Qo-loo–bay — Hearts (= n., pl., 1. The central organ inside the chest of all living creatures that keeps up the supply of blood to every tissue by pumping blood constantly through veins and controls all body parts and directs all their functions. 2. Mind; inner soul; ability to think, choose, decide and act in an appropriate manner both physically and spiritually; understanding. The word here refers to the hidden thoughts locked inside human breasts, bosoms, chests, minds, souls and understanding)
- هِمۡ — Him — Their (= pro., pl., m., 3 rd person. Refer to the disbelievers)
- وَ — Wa…(ul) — And (= This vaao is tantamount to taking oath; solemn declaration or calling as a witness. Normally a Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; also; and; but; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
- اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
- يُحۡىٖ — Yoh-yee — Gives life (= v., pres., s., 3rd person. Brings to life; creates; enlivens; gives, ordains or quickens to life; preserve alive; raises or restores life to those considered dead; revives)
- وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
- يُمِيتُ — Yo-me-to — Causes death (= v., pres., s., 3rd person. Brings or ordains death; ends life; gives death; kills; renders lifeless)
- وَ — Wa…(ul) — And (= This vaao is tantamount to taking oath; solemn declaration or calling as a witness. Normally a Conj., See this وَ above)
Allah’s following attribute is stated in 002:111, 002:234, 003:157, 064:003, etc.
- اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
- بِمَا — Bay-maa — Of all that (= Combination of two words. بِ means ‘with / in’ and مَاۤ means ‘all that, whatever, whatsoever or whenever.’ The combination بِمَا (bay-maa) means ‘because of; on account of; for the reason; due to; with / in all that)
- تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ — Tau-ma-loo-na — You do (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Act; perform; practice. It is not accurate to translate this word as a noun as in ‘all your actions’)
- بَصِيۡرٌ — Ba-see-r — Seer (= n., superlative form indicates the greatest, the highest, the most. and highlights that none sees more than Him. All-seeing. Mindful. Observer On the lookout. One who looks after. One who sees real well. One who takes full cognizance. One who has full knowledge. Overseer. Top-seer. Watch. Watchful. It is inaccurate to translate this noun into a verb saying ‘Allah sees well’)
** Note 003:157. The words derived from a root in the Arabic language are in several categories. Fourteen (14) derivates are verbs in the present tense. Another twenty-eight (28) are verbs in the future tense by adding the pre-fixes of س or سوف. Many dozens of words are formed as adverbs, adjectives, and nouns in different forms called the Ubwab.( ابواب ). Following is an example of the derivates from the root ض ر ب as verbs in the past tense
Person ! Gender ! Singular ! 2-Plural ! Plural (3 or more)
—————————————————————————————————
Third ! Masculine ! ضَرَ بَ ! ضَرَبَا ! ضَرَبُوۡا
—————————————————————————————————
Third ! Feminine ! ضَرَبَتۡ ! ضَرَبَتا ! ضَرَبۡنَ
—————————————————————————————————
Second ! Masculine ! ضَرَبۡتَ ! ضَرَبۡتُما ! ضَرَبۡتُمۡ
————————————————————————————————-
Second ! Feminine ! ضَرَبۡتِ ! ضَرَبۡتُما ! ضَرَبۡتُّنَ
—————————————————————————————————
First ! Mas + Fem ! ضَرَبۡتُ ! ضَرَبۡنَآ ! ضَرَبۡنَآ
—————————————————————————————————
The meanings of all derivates from the root ض ر ب include beating, fighting, hitting and striking. But in colloquial expressions a different concept is developed when joined with another word. For example, the past tense derivate ضَر بَ (pronounced as dza-ra-ba that means struck) if used as in verse 003:157 with the phrase فِى الۡاَرۡضِ (pronounced as fil-ur-dzay that means in the earth, land or world) would literally mean that he struck (or put his foot out from home) into the world but as a colloquial expression it means he went on a journey or travelled in the world.
