LAW
Succession (Caliphate)
For a better perspective, read together the Commentaries tiled as “Succession (Caliphate),” “Successors (Caliphs)” and “Successors, The Righteous“
The Holy Qor-aan is in Arabic language. That’s why it had to be implemented by the actions of someone and translated in the words so that the Mankind could benefit from it. It was entrusted to the Holy Prophet s.a.w who practiced, professed and presented its teachings to the mankind as Iss-laam (002:005) which commonly is called Islam.
The Holy Qor-aan used the singular noun خَلِيۡفَةً in verse 002:031 for the Prophet Adam. The angels said that what God was going to create would corrupt the earth and shed blood. God told them that He knew better than what they said. The word is used again in the verse 038:27 when God told the Prophet David to establish justice among people and not to follow his mere desires for that would lead him astray from the road that led to God. Most authors have translated this word Caliph (خليفه) as an agent, representative, viceroy or viceregent.
The Holy Qor-aan used the plural nouns خَلٰٓٮِٕفَ in verses 006:166 and 035:040 and خُلَفَآءَ in verses 007:070, 007:075 and 027:063 in talking to various other prophets. Using the pronoun in the plural indicates that the Commandment was meant for the Mankind which by that time had reached quite high levels in his evolutionary trajectory. The Commandment using a noun was the establishment of a human village where people were just, fair, honest, respectful to seniors and affectionate to the juniors, and recognized the status of those higher-ups and those lower downs.
The Holy Qor-aan used the verb in the present participial form يَسۡتَخۡلِفۡ in verse 006:134 and its variation in verse 024:056. Allah promised the addressee nation that they would be put to serve mankind. One hardly requires a sophistication to understand that the Commandment in the form of a verb aimed at setting up a society with aforesaid goals.
Translating the Holy Qor-aan requires knowing the Arabic language, grammar, its unique system of making hundreds of derivate words from just one root, and the colloquial expressions used in it. A Khaleefah (Caliph = خليفه) is the product. The Caliphate (Khelaafut = خلافت) is the system which produces Khalifahs; see Commentary Law – Successors (Caliphs). Exceptional were Kholafaao Rashideen (خلفاء الراشدين); see Commentary Successors, The Righteous.
The system Caliphate (Khelaafut = خلافت) in many countries and their product in the form of many Caliphs ( خليفه) have been defined, developed and then destroyed, time and again. On-line shows a Caliphate:
“… combined rule is idealized by the majority of Muslims … for having been based on the concepts of shura (consultation), ijmāʿ (consensus) … and bay’ah (allegiance).”
It is one thing to translate a word. It is another to correctly convey the message the words roll out. A translator must know both these processes. He can’t be accurate without knowing the original work. He cannot convey it fully without the recipients fully understanding it. Authors from different countries and cultures have translated the Holy Qor-aan in many languages. Some works are clearly translations of translations.
Genuine disagreement is recognized in Islam. But the vehement and stubborn leadership devolved into dividing the nation into sects and anointing it with divinity. An earliest known split was by the Kharjees meaning who walked out. They started to call themselves Shian-e-Ali and then settled on being known as Shiites. The main body left behind was Ahl-e-Soonnet or Sunnis which then continued to subdivide itself. The plague of subdivisions rotted the roots of the tree of peace. There were nearly seventy-two (72) sects organized and recognized by the 1900’s AD.
The peace that Islam promises was distorted by some rulers. The 5th Omayyid Khalifa Abdul-Malik bin Murwan [744-750] apexed the suppression of all domestic opposition. The Iraqi Khalifa Al-Mutawakkil (b 822, d 861) persecuted non-Moslem groups and razed Karbla shrine of the Shiite Moslems. A few rotten apples in dozens of countries in last fifteen centuries did rise to rule, but such exceptions neither tarnish the moderation of Islam nor justify the violence which some authors have woven into their translations of the Holy Qor-aan.
The vigilantes in the contradictory, conflicting and clashing sects called members of other sects as Disbelievers, Non-Muslim and Waajibol-Qatl (worth beheading). Hundreds of beliefs, prayers, worships, concoctions and views like permissible taqiyya distinguish them. Some of the differences are highlighted in Commentaries like Abrogation, Jihad and Mullah’s Modifications.
Critics argue that the Khelaafut ( خلافت ) resembles the hierarchy of the Pope in Christianity that was already well-established when the Holy Prophet s.a.w. died in 632 AD. They claim that any difference with the original vanished by the time Moslems had duplicated the position, prestige and power of the Archdiocese in their Moslem jurisprudence under the label of Ijmaa (Consensus of opinions) when clergy issued Futwas (temporal matters decreed as spiritual guidance). It is not known if an electoral college was ever set up to elect a Caliph since Yazeed became the Caliph at the death of his father Amir Moaayiah in the year 676 AD.
Which one of the abovementioned or any other verse of the Holy Qor-aan mandates that every man, woman and child take oath at the beginning of every get-together and loudly shout the pledge for Khelaafut ( خلافت ) to continue doing that till death? Is this practice justified as a fundamental part of Islam? The worldly institution of monarchy has thus been made a religious Command. Isn’t it tantamount to Setting Up Equals To God (Shirk) which Islam strictly forbids? Yet starting a Caliphate was attempted by many Moslems groups in an International Conference in England in late 1900’s AD. The Media did not report any further progress of that attempt.
The 21st century versions of a Caliphate (Khelaafut = خلافت ) range from hero-worship of a man to horrible atrocities committed on others by the likes of ISIS. When USA crushed Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein soon after 2000 AD, the vacuum led a terrorist to emerge as the leader. He set up Islamic State, self-appointed himself as a Khalifa (خليفه), claimed recruits from many countries, and posed as a Moslem although his actions hardly showed him as such. Reporter Kabeer Tane JA published in the Raisina Debates of Oct 28, 2019, that this Baghdadi Caliph had died in an explosion.
Law of Succession – The Caliphate
LAW
Succession (Caliphate)
For a better perspective, read together the Commentaries tiled as “Succession (Caliphate),” “Successors (Caliphs)” and “Successors, The Righteous“
The Holy Qor-aan is in Arabic language. That’s why it had to be implemented by the actions of someone and translated in the words so that the Mankind could benefit from it. It was entrusted to the Holy Prophet s.a.w who practiced, professed and presented its teachings to the mankind as Iss-laam (002:005) which commonly is called Islam.
The Holy Qor-aan used the singular noun خَلِيۡفَةً in verse 002:031 for the Prophet Adam. The angels said that what God was going to create would corrupt the earth and shed blood. God told them that He knew better than what they said. The word is used again in the verse 038:27 when God told the Prophet David to establish justice among people and not to follow his mere desires for that would lead him astray from the road that led to God. Most authors have translated this word Caliph (خليفه) as an agent, representative, viceroy or viceregent.
The Holy Qor-aan used the plural nouns خَلٰٓٮِٕفَ in verses 006:166 and 035:040 and خُلَفَآءَ in verses 007:070, 007:075 and 027:063 in talking to various other prophets. Using the pronoun in the plural indicates that the Commandment was meant for the Mankind which by that time had reached quite high levels in his evolutionary trajectory. The Commandment using a noun was the establishment of a human village where people were just, fair, honest, respectful to seniors and affectionate to the juniors, and recognized the status of those higher-ups and those lower downs.
The Holy Qor-aan used the verb in the present participial form يَسۡتَخۡلِفۡ in verse 006:134 and its variation in verse 024:056. Allah promised the addressee nation that they would be put to serve mankind. One hardly requires a sophistication to understand that the Commandment in the form of a verb aimed at setting up a society with aforesaid goals.
Translating the Holy Qor-aan requires knowing the Arabic language, grammar, its unique system of making hundreds of derivate words from just one root, and the colloquial expressions used in it. A Khaleefah (Caliph = خليفه) is the product. The Caliphate (Khelaafut = خلافت) is the system which produces Khalifahs; see Commentary Law – Successors (Caliphs). Exceptional were Kholafaao Rashideen (خلفاء الراشدين); see Commentary Successors, The Righteous.
The system Caliphate (Khelaafut = خلافت) in many countries and their product in the form of many Caliphs ( خليفه) have been defined, developed and then destroyed, time and again. On-line shows a Caliphate:
“… combined rule is idealized by the majority of Muslims … for having been based on the concepts of shura (consultation), ijmāʿ (consensus) … and bay’ah (allegiance).”
It is one thing to translate a word. It is another to correctly convey the message the words roll out. A translator must know both these processes. He can’t be accurate without knowing the original work. He cannot convey it fully without the recipients fully understanding it. Authors from different countries and cultures have translated the Holy Qor-aan in many languages. Some works are clearly translations of translations.
Genuine disagreement is recognized in Islam. But the vehement and stubborn leadership devolved into dividing the nation into sects and anointing it with divinity. An earliest known split was by the Kharjees meaning who walked out. They started to call themselves Shian-e-Ali and then settled on being known as Shiites. The main body left behind was Ahl-e-Soonnet or Sunnis which then continued to subdivide itself. The plague of subdivisions rotted the roots of the tree of peace. There were nearly seventy-two (72) sects organized and recognized by the 1900’s AD.
The peace that Islam promises was distorted by some rulers. The 5th Omayyid Khalifa Abdul-Malik bin Murwan [744-750] apexed the suppression of all domestic opposition. The Iraqi Khalifa Al-Mutawakkil (b 822, d 861) persecuted non-Moslem groups and razed Karbla shrine of the Shiite Moslems. A few rotten apples in dozens of countries in last fifteen centuries did rise to rule, but such exceptions neither tarnish the moderation of Islam nor justify the violence which some authors have woven into their translations of the Holy Qor-aan.
The vigilantes in the contradictory, conflicting and clashing sects called members of other sects as Disbelievers, Non-Muslim and Waajibol-Qatl (worth beheading). Hundreds of beliefs, prayers, worships, concoctions and views like permissible taqiyya distinguish them. Some of the differences are highlighted in Commentaries like Abrogation, Jihad and Mullah’s Modifications.
Critics argue that the Khelaafut ( خلافت ) resembles the hierarchy of the Pope in Christianity that was already well-established when the Holy Prophet s.a.w. died in 632 AD. They claim that any difference with the original vanished by the time Moslems had duplicated the position, prestige and power of the Archdiocese in their Moslem jurisprudence under the label of Ijmaa (Consensus of opinions) when clergy issued Futwas (temporal matters decreed as spiritual guidance). It is not known if an electoral college was ever set up to elect a Caliph since Yazeed became the Caliph at the death of his father Amir Moaayiah in the year 676 AD.
Which one of the abovementioned or any other verse of the Holy Qor-aan mandates that every man, woman and child take oath at the beginning of every get-together and loudly shout the pledge for Khelaafut ( خلافت ) to continue doing that till death? Is this practice justified as a fundamental part of Islam? The worldly institution of monarchy has thus been made a religious Command. Isn’t it tantamount to Setting Up Equals To God (Shirk) which Islam strictly forbids? Yet starting a Caliphate was attempted by many Moslems groups in an International Conference in England in late 1900’s AD. The Media did not report any further progress of that attempt.
The 21st century versions of a Caliphate (Khelaafut = خلافت ) range from hero-worship of a man to horrible atrocities committed on others by the likes of ISIS. When USA crushed Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein soon after 2000 AD, the vacuum led a terrorist to emerge as the leader. He set up Islamic State, self-appointed himself as a Khalifa (خليفه), claimed recruits from many countries, and posed as a Moslem although his actions hardly showed him as such. Reporter Kabeer Tane JA published in the Raisina Debates of Oct 28, 2019, that this Baghdadi Caliph had died in an explosion.
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