005:110

Posted on July 5, 2022 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                  005:110

 

 يَوۡمَ يَجۡمَعُ اللّٰهُ الرُّسُلَ فَيَقُوۡلُ مَاذَاۤ اُجِبۡتُمۡ‌ ؕ قَالُوۡا لَا عِلۡمَ لَـنَا ؕ اِنَّكَ اَنۡتَ عَلَّامُ الۡغُيُوۡبِ‏

 

Yao-ma-yuj-ma-ool-laa-hoor-ro-so-la                                                                                              Fa-ya-qoo-lo-maa-zaa-o-jib-toom                                                                                                      Qaa-loo-laa-il-ma-la-naa                                                                                                                      In-na-ka-un-ta-ul-laa-mool-ghouy-yoo-b

 

The day Allah assembles all Messengers                                                                          Then asks, “What was how you were replied?”                                                                They said, “No knowledge for us (= We do not know)                                                You and only You are full Knower of the Unseen.”

 

  • يَوۡمَ — Yao-ma — The day (= n., s., A juncture, moment, period, term or time which  comes to an end. A/t/a, ‘one day,’ ‘In the day,’ ‘On the day,’ ‘keep in mind the day when,’ ‘Think of the day when’ and ’(Imagine) the day’)
  • يَجۡمَعُ — Yuj-ma-o … (ol) — He assembles (= v., pres., s., 3rd person. Assembles; gathers; gets together. A/t/a, ‘will assemble,’ ‘shall assemble,’ ‘will assemble … together,’ ‘will gather together,’ ‘will gather … together,’ ‘gathereth together’ and ‘will gather’)
  • اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho … (or) — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
  • الرُّسُلَ — Ro-so-lo — Messengers (= n., pl., Apostles; prophets; sages; saints; God-sent. A/t/a, ‘all the Messengers’ and ‘all the apostles’)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= After all this; at the end; finally; hence; thereafter. A/t/a, ‘and’)
  • يَقُولُ — Ya-qoo-lo — He Says (= v., pres., s., m, 3rd person. Asks; calls; demands; enquires; requires; questions; states. A/t/a, ‘say,’ ‘will say,’ ‘ask,’ ‘asks’ and ‘saith’)
  • مَاۤ — Maa — What (= What; whatever; whatsoever; at such time; when. A/t/a, ‘How’)
  • ذَا — Zaa — Was (= Exactly was)
  • اُجِبۡ — O-jib — Replied (= v., past., pass., 2nd person. Answered. A/t/a, ‘reply did the  people make to,’ ‘reply was made to,’ ‘The response ye received (From men to your teaching)’ ‘the response you received (from men to your teaching),’ ‘your response (from mankind),’ ‘the response you received,’ ‘response did … receive’ and ‘were you received’)
  •  تُمۡ‌ — Toom — You (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men)
  • قَالُوۡا — Qaa-loo — They would have said (= v., past, pl, m, 3rd person. Announced; conveyed; replied; declared; informed. A/t/a, ‘They will say,’ ‘they say,’ ‘they will reply’ and ‘they will answer’ but that in the future tense is no translation of what the Holy Qor-aan has stated in the past tense)
  • لَا — Laa — No (= Naught; neither; never; none; nor; not at all; absolute denial and total negation without exception)
  • عِلۡمَ– Il-ma — Knowledge (= n., Awareness; experience; expertise; familiarity with facts; information; intellect; intelligence; information. A/t/a, ‘no real knowledge of it,’ ‘real knowledge (about the minds of the people’ and ‘know’)
  • لَ — La — For (= For the object, person, purpose or reason of; intended for; meant for; concerning; regarding; relative to)
  • نَآ  — Naa — Us (= pro., m/g., pl., 1st person. Our; us; we)
  • اِنَّكَ اَنۡتَ — In-na-ka-un-ta — You Only You (= Accurate meanings as shown in Note 002:128. Briefly, اِنَّ (in-na) means exclusively, clearly, surely, etc.  كَ  (ka) and اَنۡتَ (un-ta) are pronouns for a 3rd person in masculine gender. This phrase emphasizes that only God Almighty has the attributes that follow it)
  • عَلَّامُ — Ul-laa-mo … (ol) — Knower (= adj., To the nth degree … Aware, Experienced, Familiar, Informed or Knowledgeable A/t/a, ‘the Knower,’ ‘great Knower,’ ‘the All-Knower of,’ ‘Who knowest in full,’ ‘possessest full knowledge,’ ‘true and perfect knowledge of all things’ and ‘have knowledge’)
  • الۡغُيُوۡبِ‏ — Ghouy-yoob — The Unseen (= n., pl., Realities hidden, invisible, secret, unknown or unseen hitherto. A/t/a, ‘the unseen,’ ‘All that is hidden,’ ‘all that is hidden (or unseen),’ ‘what is hidden,’ ‘hidden things’ and ‘things hidden’)
Posted in One God with 99 names, Prophets, Historical Accounts, Qor-aan's Translation - verse # | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

005:109

Posted on July 1, 2022 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                 005:109

 

ذٰ لِكَ اَدۡنٰٓى اَنۡ يَّاۡتُوۡا بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلٰى وَجۡهِهَاۤ اَوۡ يَخَافُوۡۤا اَنۡ تُرَدَّ اَيۡمَانٌۢ بَعۡدَ اَيۡمَانِهِمۡ‌ؕ وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ وَاسۡمَعُوۡا‌ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ لَا يَهۡدِى الۡقَوۡمَ الۡفٰسِقِيۡنَ 

 

Zaa-lay-ka-ud-naa-un-yau-too-bish                                                                                          Sha-haa-da-tay-alaa-wuj-hay-haa                                                                                                    Auo-ya-khaa-foo-un-to-rud-da-aiy-maa-noon-bau-da-aiy-maa-nay-him                              Wut-ta-qool-laa-ha-wus-ma-oo                                                                                                          Wul-laa-ho-laa-yah-dil-qao-mul-faa-say-qee-n

 

This is closer to the justice that they come with                                                                The evidence on its face (= as it should be)                                                                         Or fear that an oath after their oaths will discredit.                                                    And you love Allah and listen.                                                                                               By God Allah does not guide the miscreant folks.

 

  • ذٰ لِكَ — Zaa’lay-ka — This (= Here; refers to an aforesaid fact, person or statement;  it was because; right here; such is this; that is how it is. A/t/a, ‘this way,’ ‘Thus it is’ and ‘this should make it’)
  • اَدۡنٰٓى — Ud-naa — Closer (= adj., Nearer. A/t/a, ‘more suitable,’ ‘more suitable,’  ‘more likely,’ ‘will be more likely,’ ‘likelier’ and ‘closer (to the fact)’
  • اَنۡ — Un — That (= So that)
  • يَّاۡتُو — Yau-too — They come (= v., pres., pl., 3rd person Arrive; bring; come; deliver; give; produce; show up. A/t/a, ‘that they may give,’ ‘that they will give,’ ‘the first witnesses  will adhere to the facts,’ ‘to ensure that they (- the  witnesses) will give,’ ‘they will bear,’ ‘they will give’ and ‘to bear’)
  • بِ — B … (ish) — With (= Literally the word  بِ  means with. A/t/a, ‘in’)
  • الشَّهَادَةِ — Sha-haa-da-tay — Evidence (= n., An eye-witness account; anything that proves a fact; attestation; corroboration; evidence; observation; proof; testimony. Any means that makes another person see a past event so clearly visible today as if he had seen it  himself. A/t/a, ‘their evidence,’ ‘testimony,’ ‘their testimony’ and ‘witness’)
  • عَلٰى — Alaa — On (= Above; against; before; during; for; on; on top of; over; to; upon. A/t/a, ‘in,’ ‘will adhere to,’ ‘according to’ and ‘would be in’)
  • وَجۡهِ — Wuj-hay — Face (= n., s. Face or the front part. First and the most visible,  identifiable, recognizable and loveable part. A/t/a, ‘true,’ ‘true nature and shape,’ ‘true  shape (and thus accepted),’ ‘true form and nature’ and ‘facts’)
  • هَا — Haa — Its  (= pro., s., f., 3rd person., Refers to the evidence)
  • اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution. A/t/a, ‘or at least’ and ‘or else’)
  • يَخَافُوۡۤا — Ya-kaa-foo — They fear (= v., pres., pl., 3rd person. Feel scared. A/t/a, ‘fear,’ ‘to fear,’ ‘they will fear,’ ‘they would fear,’ ‘being afraid’ and ‘at least they will be afraid,’ This and the next six words are also translated as ‘being afraid that if they departed therefrom other sworn testimony may be offered to  contradict their sworn testimony’)
  • اَنۡ — Un — That (= So that. A/t/a, ‘that’)
  • تُرَدَّ  — To-rud-da — Discredits (= v., pres., f., s., 3rd person. Contradicts; counters; rejects; repels; reverts; turns back. A/t/a, ‘will be taken,’  ‘will be taken …  (to counter them),’ ‘would be admitted,’ ‘may contradict’ and ‘would be contradicted’)
  • اَيۡمَانٌۢ — Aiy-maa-noon — An oath (= n., Affirmation; behest of Faith; belief; oath; solemn  declaration; total confidence; trust. A/t/a, ‘other sworn testimony,’ ‘other oaths,’  ‘(other) oaths,’ ’the oath (of others)’ and ‘subsequent oath’)
  • بَعۡدَ — Bau-da — After (= Afterwards; subsequent to; succeeding)
  • اَيۡمَانِ — Aiy-maa-nay — Oath (= n., Affirmation; behest of Faith. See  اَيۡمَانِ  above. A/t/a,   ‘sworn testimony,’ ‘oaths’ and ‘oath’)
  • هِمۡ — Him — Their (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Those men; they. A/t/a, ‘their’ and ‘theirs’)

See Phrase Wut-ta-qool-laa-ha …    

  • وَ — Wa … (ut) — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses.  See وَ  below. A/t/a, ‘so’)
  • اتَّقُوا — Ta-qoo … (la) — You love (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. See our Commentary titled as The Righteous for the reasons of our translation. Also, avoid angering Allah; be pious; be righteous. A/t/a, ‘fear,’ ‘have fear,’ ‘take Allah as a shield,’ ‘keep your duty’ and ‘be mindful of your duty to’)
  • ٱللَّهَ — Laa-ha — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship
  • وَ — Wa … (us) — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses.  See وَ   above)
  • اسۡمَعُوۡا‌ — Us-ma-oo — Listen (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Hear; harken; pay attention. A/t/a, ‘listen (To His counsel),’ ‘carry out His commandments fully,’ ‘listen (to Him),’ ‘be obedient’ and ‘listen (with obedience to Him)’
  • وَ — Wa … (ul) — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses.  See وَ   above)
  • اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
  • لَا — Laa — Does Not (= Naught; neither; never; none; nor; not at all; absolute denial and total negation without exception)
  • يَهۡدِى — Yah-de … (l) — Guides (= v., pres., m., s., 3rd person. Directs to the best way;  guides to the right road; leads on level linier lines; puts on proper path; shows sure success; avoids evil which obstructs reaching noble aims, goals and objects. A/t/a,  ‘guides,’ ‘guides … to the ways of success,’ ‘guide’ and ‘guideth,’)
  • الۡقَوۡمَ — Qao-ma …(ul) — People (= n., s., Addressees; attendees; followers; folks; group; nation; party; people; tribe. A/t/a, ‘folk’)
  • الۡفٰسِقِيۡنَ — Fa-say-qee-n — The miscreants (= n., pl., Who have misbelief or false religious faith. Who practice bad, abomination and contemptible ways which are loathed and frowned upon. See Note 003:083. A/t/a, ‘rebellious,’ ‘transgressing,’ ‘disobedient,’  ‘froward,’ ‘wicked’ and ‘Al-Fasiqin (the rebellious and disobedient).’ This and the prior word are also translated jointly as ‘evil-doers’)
Posted in Commands - Humanism, One God with 99 names, Qor-aan. Prayers in | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

005:108

Posted on June 29, 2022 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                            005:108

 

  فَاِنۡ عُثِرَ عَلٰٓى اَنَّهُمَا اسۡتَحَقَّاۤ اِثۡمًا فَاٰخَرٰنِ يَقُوۡمٰنِ مَقَامَهُمَا مِنَ الَّذِيۡنَ اسۡتَحَقَّ عَلَيۡهِمُ الۡاَوۡلَيٰنِ فَيُقۡسِمٰنِ بِاللّٰهِ لَشَهَادَتُنَاۤ اَحَقُّ مِنۡ شَهَادَتِهِمَا وَ مَا اعۡتَدَيۡنَاۤ‌  اِنَّاۤ‌ اِذًا لَّمِنَ الظّٰلِمِيۡنَ

 

Fa-in-o-thay-ra-alaa-un-na-ho-mus-ta-huq-qua-ith-mun                                                          Fa-aa-kha-raa-nay-ya-qoo-maa-nay-ma-qaa-mo-ho-maa                                                      May-nul-la-zee-nus-ta-huq-qa-alai-hay-mol-auo-la-yaa-nay

Fa-yooq-say-maa-nay-bil-laa-hay-la-sha-haa-da-to-naa                                                            Aa-huq-qo-min-sha-haa-da-tay-hay-maa                                                                                    Wa-mau-ta-dai-na                                                                                                                              In-na-ezun-la-may-nuz-zaa-lay-mee-n

 

Then if found against them both that they were confirmed in sin                            Then two others take stand in place of them both                                                            From among those former ones against whom it (= sin) was proven.

Then both swearing by Allah say, “Surely our testimony                                          Is more justified than the testimony of those two.                                                        And we have not crossed the line                                                                                       Because then we surely will be among the wrongdoers.”

 

  • فَ — Fa — Then (= After all that; at the end; consequently; finally; hence; so; thereafter; therefore; thus. A/t/a, ‘But’ and ‘but then … it is afterwards’)
  • اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when; when situation arises; whenever)
  • عُثِرَ — O-thay-ra — Found (= v., past., pass., 3rd person. Found were compromised,  prevailed upon or had sinned. Came to light; discovered. A/t/a, ‘ascertained,’ ‘it be discovered,’ ‘it be discovered thereafter,’ ‘discovered,’ ‘it is found,’ ‘both prove’ and ‘gets known’)
  • عَلٰى — Alaa — Against (= Above; against; before; during; for; on; on top of; over; to; upon)
  • اَ نَّ — Un-na — Surely (= Absolutely; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; positively; really surely; truly; verily. A/t/a, ‘that’)
  • هُمَا — Ho-maa — Them both (= pro., 2pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to foresaid two persons.  A/t/a, ‘the two witnesses,’ ‘‘these two,’ ‘both,’ ‘both of them (the first two witnesses)’ and ‘those two’)
  • اسۡتَحَقَّاۤ — Us-ta-huq-qaa — Confirmed (= v., past., 2pl., 3rd person. Justifiably became certain. The next word اِثۡمًا (ith-mun) pinpointed the meanings as those proven guilty. See below Note 005:108. A/t/a, ‘were guilty of,’ ‘had been guilty of,’ ‘became guilty of’ and ‘have committed.’ But ‘are guilty of’ and ‘merit (the suspicion of)’ as verbs in the present tense, and ‘dishonest’ as as a noun, are no translations of what the Holy Qor-aan has stated by a verb in the past tense)
  • اِثۡمًا — Ith-mun — Sin (= adv., Blame; crime; guilt; illegality; infraction; sin;   wrongdoing. A/t/a, ‘sin (of perjury),’ ‘perjury’ and ‘such sin.’ This word along with the prior word has also been jointly translated as ‘dishonest’)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; hence; so; thereafter. See  فَ  above. A/t/a, ‘then replace them with’)
  • اٰخَرَانِ — Aa-kha-raa-nay — Two others (= n., 2pl., Another; another group not mentioned before; others. A/t/a, ‘two other witnesses,’ ‘another pair’ and ‘let two others’)
  • يَقُوۡمٰنِ — Ya-qoo-maa-nay — Two take stand (= v., pres., 2pl., 3rd person. Come forward; stand up.  A/t/a, ‘stand forth,’ ‘stand up,’ ‘shall take,’ ‘let … take,’ ‘let … stand in,’  ‘should stand,’ ‘replace them’ and ‘stand forth’)
  • مَقَامَ — Mo-qaa-mo — Place (= n., Position. A/t/a, ‘in their places’ and ‘replace’)
  • هُمَا — Ho-maa– Them both (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to foresaid two persons. A/t/a, ‘their’ and ‘them’)
  • مِنَ — Min — From among (= Among, from or out of the class or category of several articles, counts, kind, things, persons or phenomenon. A/t/a, ‘of’)
  • ٱلَّذِينَ — Ul-la-zee-na — Those who (= pl., m, 3rd person. A/t/a, ’those (heirs)’ and ‘those’)
  • اسۡتَحَقَّ — Us-a-huq-qa — Confirmed (= v., past., 2pl., 3rd person. Justifiably became certain. The next word عَلَيۡ pinpointed the meanings as confirmed to have lied, become corrupted or really compromised. See  اسۡتَحَقَّاۤ  above. A/t/a, ‘who have been guilty of,’ ‘claim a lawful right,’ ‘had sinfully deposed,’  ‘witnesses — who were in a better position to give true evidence – sinfully deposed,’ ‘who were in better position to give true evidence … had deposed,’ ‘who were in a better position (to give true evidence) are sinfully deposed,’ ‘nearly concerned,’ ‘nearest in kin … those who claim a lawful right,’  and ‘immediately concerned’)      
  • عَلَيۡ — Alai — Against (= Above; against; for; on; on top of; over)
  • هِمُ — Hay-mo..(ol) — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Those men; they; theirs)
  • الۡاَوۡلَيٰنِ — Auo-la-yaa-nay — The former (= n., Those who came first; were the predecessors. A/t/a, ‘the former two witnesses’)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thereafter. See  فَ  above. A/t/a, ‘and’)
  • يُقۡسِمٰنِ — Yooq-say-maa-nay — Both swearing (= v., pres., 2pl., 3rd person. Taking oath. A/t/a, ‘Let them swear,’ ‘let them both swear,’ ‘the two latter witnesses shall swear,’ ‘shall swear,’ ‘the later witnesses shall swear … saying,’ ’the two (latter witnesses) swear … (saying)’ and ‘swear’)
  • بِ  — Bay — With (= Literally the word  بِ  means with. A/t/a, ‘by’ )
  • اللّٰهِ — Laa-hay — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
  • لَ — La — Surely (= Absolutely; assuredly; certainly; clearly, definitely; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; positively; really; truly; sincerely; specifically; surely; verily)
  • شَهَادَتُ — Sha-haa-da-to — Evidence (= n., An eye-witness account; anything that proves a fact; attestation; corroboration; evidence; observation; proof; testimony. Any means that makes another person see a past event so clearly visible today as if he had seen it himself. A/t/a, ‘testimony’ and ‘We affirm that our testimony’)
  • نَآ — Naa — Our (= pro., m/g., pl., 1st person. Our; Us)
  • اَحَقُّ — Aa-huq-qo — More justified (= adj., Appropriate. Better entitled, equipped or suited. Closer to truth. More deserving, just, right and suited. A/t/a, ‘truer’)
  • مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class or category of several. See مِنَ above. A/t/a, ‘than’)
  • شَهَادَتِ — Sha-haa-da-tay — Evidence (= n., Attestation; Corroboration. See  شَهَادَتُ  above. A/t/a, ‘that of’)
  • هِمَا — Hay-maa — Those two (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. A/t/a, ‘of the former two,’ ‘their,’ ‘theirs’ and ‘both of them’)
  • وَ — Wa — And  (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet)
  • مَاۤ — Maa — Not (= Did not; no at all. A/t/a, ‘if we’)
  • اعۡتَدَيۡ — Au-ta-dai — Crossed the line (= v., past., pl., 3rd person. Abused or misused concession; committed excess; crossed red line; disobeyed; exceeded the limit; gone beyond fairness, justice and truthfulness; overstepped; transgressed. A/t/a, ‘trespassed (beyond the truth),’ ‘trespassed (the truth),’ ‘told … lies,’ ‘transgressed the bounds of duty,’ ‘transgressed,’ ‘exceeded the limit,’ ‘have … been unfair in any way,’ ‘have … guilty of any misstatement’ and ‘have … exceeded the bounds of justice (in bearing the evidence)’
  • نَآ  — Naa — We (= pro., m/g., pl., 1st person. Our; Us)]
  • اِنَّا — In-naa — Surely we (= Combines two words. اِنَّ  means ‘certainly, definitely, surely or verily. And  نَآ  means ‘all of us.’ Joined together the word  اِنَّا  (in-naa) combines both meanings. A/t/a, ‘if we did, Behold!,’ ‘we would be,’ ‘we should be’ and ‘we  shall be’)
  • اِذًا — Aiy-zun — Then (= At the time or event; call to mind; recall; remember; think of the time, event, occasion or opportunity. Also, behold; consider; ponder over; reflect. A/t/a, ‘for then’ and ‘in that case’)
  • لَّ — La — Surely (= Absolutely; assuredly. See لَ  above. A/t/a, ‘certainly’ and ‘indeed’)
  • مِنَ —  May-n … ( uz) — From (= Among, from or out of the kind or class. See مِنَ  above, A/t/a, ‘of’)
  • الظّٰلِمِيۡنَ– Zaa-lay-mee-n — Wrongdoers (= n., pl., Bad people.  Criminals.  Culprits.  Doers of harm, hurt or injury.  Evildoers. Polytheists. Transgressors. Those who commit, do, practice, repeat or habitually pursue the evil and cause grievous wrongs to others. Unfair. Unjust. Violators. Wicked. A/t/a, ‘wrong be upon us’ and ‘wrongdoers’)

 

** Note 005:108. The Arabic language has derivates which are words derived from one of its roots. Some nouns are based upon one of its formats called Baab. The word  اسۡتَحَقَّاۤ  in this verse is derived from the root ح ق ق and formatted per basis Baab Iss-tif-aal (استفعا ل).

The following are other examples of such derivates in the Baab Iss-tif-aal.

  • The derivate استعمال from the root ع م ل means seeking the use of or using.
  • The derivate استقبال from the root ق ب ل means seeking to meet face to face or welcoming.
  • The derivate استدلال from the root د ل ل means seeking to argue or arguing.
  • The derivate استحصال from the root ح ص ل means seeking to collect or collecting taxes.
  • The derivate استحقاق from the root ح ق ق means seeking to justify or proving true.

The meanings of the word اسۡتَحَقَّاۤ  are confirmed, proved, made certain. It can be a finding of a fact, proof of sin, or verdict that a criminal is guilty. Or, what was pursued, sought or wanted and has correctly, justifiably and reasonably become certain, an established truth, a confirmed reality, a conclusively proven fact that someone had lied, was corrupted or compromised.

 

 

Posted in Commands - Humanism, Commentary and Notes, One God with 99 names, Qor-aan's Translation - verse # | Tagged , , , , , | Leave a comment

005:107

Posted on June 24, 2022 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                                  005:107

 

 يٰۤـاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا شَهَادَةُ بَيۡنِكُمۡ اِذَا حَضَراَحَدَكُمُ الۡمَوۡتُ حِيۡنَ الۡوَصِيَّةِ اثۡـنٰنِ ذَوَا عَدۡلٍ مِّنۡكُمۡ اَوۡ اٰخَرَانِ مِنۡ غَيۡـرِكُمۡ اِنۡ اَنۡـتُمۡ ضَرَبۡتُمۡ فِى الۡاَرۡضِ فَاَصَابَتۡكُمۡ مُّصِيۡبَةُ الۡمَوۡتِ‌ ؕ تَحۡبِسُوۡنَهُمَا مِنۡۢ بَعۡدِ الصَّلٰوةِ فَيُقۡسِمٰنِ بِاللّٰهِ اِنِ ارۡتَبۡتُمۡ لَا نَشۡتَرِىۡ بِهٖ ثَمَنًا وَّلَوۡ كَانَ ذَا قُرۡبٰى‌ ۙ وَلَا نَـكۡتُمُ شَهَادَةَ ۙ اللّٰهِ اِنَّاۤ اِذًا لَّمِنَ الۡاٰثِمِيۡنَ‏

 

Yaa  auy-yo  haul-la-zee-na  aa-ma-noo                                                                                            Sha-haa-da-to  bai-na  koom                                                                                                                Aiy-zaa  ha-za-ra  aa-ha-da  ko-mo  ol-mao-to                                                                            He-na  ul-wa-see-ya-tay                                                                                                                (I)th-naa-nay  za-waa  ud-lin  min  koom                                                                                          Auo  aa-kha-raa-nay  min  ghai-ray  koom                                                                                      In   un-toom  za-raub  toom  fee  il-ur-dzay                                                                                      Fa  aa-saa-baut  koom  mo-se-ba-to  ol-mao-tay

Tauh-bay-soo-na  ho-maa  min  bau-day  is-sa-laa-tay                                                              Fa  yooq-say-maa-nay  bay  il-laa-hay  aiy-nay  ir-taub-toom                                                  Laa  naush-ta-re  bay  he  tha-ma-naun                                                                                            Wa  lao  kaa-na  zaa  qoor-baa                                                                                                            Wa  laa  nauk-to-mo  sha-haa-da-ta  ul-laa-hay                                                                              In-naa  aiy-zaun  ul-la  may-na  ul-aa-thay-mee-n

 

Listen, you all who believed!                                                                                                  The evidence between you —                                                                                                When death came to one of you                                                                                              Short while before making a sub-judice will —                                                                 Was two just persons among you,                                                                                          Or two among others than you                                                                                              If you were in travel in the world                                                                                  When the misfortune of death struck you.

You hold them both after the prayer                                                                              Then both swearing by Allah — if you doubted —                                                              “We do not sell this evidence for price                                                                          Even if he had been of close relationship                                                                            And we do not hide evidence we got with the will of Allah                                      For then we will be among the sinners.”

 

The Holy Qor-aan has used the Phrase Yaa-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo many times

  • يٰۤ — Yaa — Listen (= Be attentive; hearken; pay attention; O!)
  • اَيُّهَا — Auy-yo-ha … (ul) — You all (= All addressees; entire audience; whole lot of listeners)
  • ٱلَّذِينَ — Ul-la-zee-na — Those who (= pl., m, 3rd person. Those articles, things or persons
  • اٰمَنُوۡۤ — Aa-ma-noo — They Believed (= v., past., pl., 3rd person. Believed in the Holy Qor-aan; became Moslems. Accepted, acknowledged, admitted or witnessed their entry in Iss-laam. See Commentaries like Islam – 101, Phrase Aa-ma-noo-wa-aa-may-loos … and Believe and Disbelieve that floodlight other aspects how the Holy Qor-aan has used this word. A/t/a, ‘Believers’ and ‘O you who believe’)
  • شَهَادَةً — Sha-haa-dah — Evidence (= n., An eye-witness account; anything that proves a fact; attestation; corroboration; evidence; observation; proof testimony. Any means that makes another person see a past event so clearly visible today as if he had seen it himself. A/t/a, ‘the best way of providing proof … is that the witnesses should be,’ ‘the right evidence and ‘the right guidance.’ But ‘let there be witnesses,’ ‘call to witness,’ ‘(take) the testimony,’ ‘(take) witnesses,’ ‘take witnesses,’ ‘let there be present’ and ‘let … act as witnesses’ are verbs and no translation of what the Holy Qor-aan has described by a noun)
  • بَيۡنَ — Bai-na — Between (= Among; betwixt)
  • كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. The Holy Qor-aan has addressed men and women jointly this way. A/t/a, ‘yourselves’)
  • اِذَا — Aiy-zaa — When (= At the time or event)
  • حَضَرَ — Ha-dza-ra — Came to (= v., past., pl., 3rd person. Appeared; attended; arrived; presented; visited. A/t/a, ‘approaches,’ ‘draws nigh,’ ‘draweth nigh,’ ‘presents itself,’ ‘is approaching’ or ‘comes’ in the present tense are no translations of what the Holy Qor-aan has stated in the past tense)
  • اَحَدَ — Aa-ha-da — One (= n., Individual; single. A/t/a, ‘any’ and ‘unto one of’)
  • كُمُ — Ko-mo … (ol) — You (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. See  كُمۡ  above. A/t/a,  ‘of you’  and ‘you (and you wish to make your will)’ 
  • الۡمَوۡتُ — Mao-to — Death (= n., After life has ended; downfall; end of life on earth;   extinction; stupor)
  • حِيۡنَ — He-na … (ul) — Short while (= A period of time; unprescribed term. A/t/a, ‘at the time of’, when’ and ‘while’)
  • الۡوَصِيَّةِ — Wa-see-ya-tay — The Will (= n., s., f gender. Action to bequeath; bequest; binding injunction regarding the decedent’s assets; direction by the decedent to take effect after his death; testamentary disposition. A/t/a, ‘making bequests,’ ‘making the will,’ ‘making a will,’ ‘making your will,’ ‘making a bequest,’ ‘you make your testaments’ , ‘you make a bequest’ and ‘bequest.’ This verse covers both the making of a new and changing an existing Will that is sub-judice for being effectuated or contested)
  • اثۡـنٰنِ — Ith-naa-nay — Two (= Two; the cardinal number that equals the sum of 1 + 1. A/t/a, ‘‘two witnesses’ and ‘they should be two’)
  • ذَوَا — Za-waa — Of (= s., Belonging to; owning; with)
  • عَدۡلٍ — Ud-lin … (m) —  Just (= n., Balanced; full of equity and fairness; proper. A/t/a, ‘just men,’ ‘just persons’ and ‘honest men)
  • مِّنۡ — Min — From among (= Among, from or out of the class or category of several articles, counts, kind, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • كُمۡ  — Koom — You (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. See  كُمۡ  above A/t/a, ‘your own (brotherhood)’ and ‘your own folk’)
  • اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution. A/t/a, ‘but … witnesses from among you should not be available’)
  • اٰخَرَانِ — Aa-kha-raa-nay — Two others (= n., 2pl., Of another group not mentioned before)
  • مِنۡ — Min — From among (= Among, from the category of several. See  مِّنۡ   above)
  • غَيۡـرِ — Ghai-ray — Other than (= Besides; out of. A/t/a, ‘not from among you,’ ‘the outsiders,’ ‘another tribe,’ ‘another people’ and ‘outside’)
  • كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. See  كُمۡ  above
  • اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when; whenever. A/t/a, ‘while’ and ‘whilst’)
  • اَنۡـتُمۡ — Un-toom — You (= pro., pl., 2nd person. This is a combination of  اِنۡ  (Un) that means absolutely, clearly, really, surely, truly or verily and  تُمۡ  (toom) that means the same as  كُمۡ  above)
  • ضَرَبۡتُمۡ — Dza-rub-toom — You traveled (= v., past., s., 2nd person. Literally beat, hit or went out. If followed by the phrase فِى الۡاَرۡضِ (fil-ur-dzay) the word means you travelled as stated in Note 003:157. A/t/a, ‘should be on a journey.’ But ‘journeying,’ ‘campaigning,’ ‘on a journey’ and ‘travelling’ in the present tense is no translation of what is stated in the Holy Qor-aan in the past tense)
  • فِىۡ — Fee — In (= Amidst. Among. Contained or inside a duration, event, place, period, person, phenomenon, situation or thing. See Note 002:028. A/t/a, ‘through’)
  • الۡاَرۡضِ — Ul-ur-dzay — The world (= Area; country; earth; ground; land; territories)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= After all this; at the end; consequently; finally; hence; so; thereafter; therefore; thus)
  • اَصَابَتۡ   Aa-sa-but — Struck (= v., past., f., 3rd person, Affected; afflicted; arrived; befell; came to; got hold of; landed upon; overtook; reached; smote; smut; struck. A/t/a, ‘befalls,’ ‘befall’ and ‘overtakes’ in the present tense is not a translation of what the Holy Qor-aan has stated in the past tense)
  • كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. See  كُمۡ  above)
  • مُّصِيۡبَةُ — Mo-se-ba-to … (ol) — Misfortune (= n., s., Adversity; affliction; bad luck; calamity; catastrophe; difficult situation; disaster; hardship; loss; inconvenience; misfortune; severe problem;  tribulation; trouble. A/t/a, ‘chance’ and ‘calamity’)
  • الۡمَوۡتِ‌ — Mao-tay — Death (= n., After life has ended; downfall. See  الۡمَوۡتُ  above)
  • تَحۡبِسُوۡنَ — Tah-bay-soo-na — Hold (= v., pres., 2pl, 3rd person. Confine; imprison; limit; pin down. A/t/a, ‘detain,’  ‘You shall detain … for giving evidence,’ ‘you shall detain,’ ‘you should detain them’ and ‘you shall empanel them’)
  • هُمَا — Ho-maa — Them both (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to foresaid two persons. A/t/a, ‘both,’ ‘them’ and ‘both (the witnesses)’ 
  • مِنۡ — Min — From among (= Among, from the category of several. See  مِّنۡ   above)
  • بَعۡدِ — Bau-day … (iss) — After (= Afterwards; subsequent to; succeeding)
  • الصَّلٰوةِ — Sa-laa-tay — The prayer (= n., Invoking blessings of Allah in a solemn prayer. A/t/a, ‘Al-Salat (the prayer)’
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= After this; hence; so; thereafter. See  فَ  above)
  • يُقۡسِمٰنِ  — Yooq-say-maa-nay — Both swearing (= v., pres., 2pl., 3rd person. Taking oath. A/t/a, ‘let them both swear,’ ‘let them both swear … and bear witness),’ ‘let them both swear … (saying),’  ‘they shall swear … (saying),’ ‘they shall both sear,’ ‘they shall both swear … and affirm,’ ‘they shall be made to swear,’ ‘they should’ and ‘ask them to swear’)
  • بِ  — Bay … (il) — With (= Literally the word  بِ  means with. A/t/a, ‘by’)
  • اللّٰهِ — Laa-hay –Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
  • اِنۡ — In — If (= In case; under the circumstances; when. See  اِنۡ above. A/t/a, ‘(then) if’ and ‘should’)
  • ارۡتَبۡ — Ur-tub — Doubted (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Doubted or suspected the honesty; integrity and testimony. A/t/a, ‘doubt’ (their truth),’ ‘doubt (them),’ ‘doubt,’ ‘doubt’ their testimony,’ ‘doubt their honesty,’ ‘have doubt concerning their evidence,’ ‘doubt (their  honesty in giving evidence)’and ‘you are in doubt (about their truthfulness)’
  • تُمُ –Toom — You (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. See  كُمۡ  above A/t/a, ‘ye’)
  • لَا — Laa — Not (= Naught; neither; never; none; nor; not at all; absolute denial and total negation without exception)
  • نَشۡتَرِىۡ — Naush-ta-re — We sell (= v., pres., pl.,  1st person. Barter; exchange; trade. A/t/a, ‘We take,’ ‘We wish,’ ‘we will …  take,’ ‘we shall have,’ ‘we will accept,’ ‘(saying: we will … take,’ ‘we will not sell’ and ‘we do not desire’)
  • بِ — Bay — With (= Literally the word بِ  means with. A/t/a, ‘in,’ ‘in exchange,’ ‘by’ and ‘for’)
  • هٖ — He — this (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the testimony. A/t/a, ‘our testimony’)
  • ثَمَنًا — Tha-ma-naun — Price (= n., Consideration paid and accepted in an exchange for an article bought or sold; end; gain; profit; sum; value. A/t/a, ‘price,’ ‘a price,’ ‘any price,’ ‘a bribe,’ ‘personal interest to serve’ and ‘worldly gain’)
  • وَّ  — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet)
  • لَوۡ — Lao — If (= In case; under the circumstances; wish; would. A/t/a, ‘even though,’ ‘though,’ ‘(we will bear true evidence) even though,’ ‘even if’ and ‘even to’)
  • كَانَ — Kaa-na — He has been (= v., past., s., m., 3rd person., Continued doing; used to. A/t/a, ‘the (beneficiary) Be,’ ‘he be,’ ‘there be,’ ‘the (beneficiary) is,’ ‘the person affected be,’ ‘the person affected  thereby be,’ ‘he (in whose favor or against we bear evidence) be’ and ‘it were (on behalf of)’
  • ذَا — Zaa — One of (= s., Belonging to; master, of, owner; possessor; with. A/t/a, ‘a near’ and ‘near of’)
  • قُرۡبٰى‌ — Qoor-ba — Close relationship (= n., Near; near kin; kindred; kinsfolk; kinsman; kith and kin; relation; relative. The combination of this and the prior word refers to close relatives. A/t/a, ‘our near relation,’ ‘our near relative,’ ‘kin,’ ‘relation,’ ‘relative,’ ‘a near kinsman’ and ‘a kinsman’)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَّ  above)
  • لَا — Laa — Not (= Naught; neither; never; none; nor. See لَا  above. A/t/a, ‘nor’)
  • نَـكۡتُمُ — Nauk-to-mo — We hide (= v., pres., s., 3rd person. Conceal; keep secret; omit to  produce before those who have the right to know the truth. A/t/a, ’we hide,’ ‘shall hide,’ ‘will we hide,’ ‘conceal,’ ‘we shall … conceal,’ ‘we will … hide’ and ‘We shall … hide’)
  • شَهَادَةً — Sha-haa-da-ta … (ul) — Evidence (= n., Attestation; Corroboration. See شَهَادَةً  above. A/t/a, ‘the evidence before,’ ‘testimony,’ ‘testimony enjoined by,’ ‘testimony (enjoined to be borne uprightly) and ‘our testimony before’)
  • اللّٰهِ — Laa-hay — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
  • اِنَّا — In-naa — Surely we (= This combines two words. The first word  اِنۡ  (in) means absolutely, certainly, positively, surely or verily; the second word نَآ (naa) means we, us or our; and together the word  اِنَّا  (in-naa) combines both meanings. A/t/a, ‘If we do … be upon us,’ ‘we shall be,’ ‘we should be,’ ‘we shall certainly be’ and ‘we would’)
  • اِ ذً ا — Aiy-zaun … (la) — Then (= At the time, event, occasion or opportunity of.  See  اِذَا   above. A/t/a,  ‘then behold,’ ‘for,’ ‘in that case,’ ‘for if,’ ‘for … then’ and ‘for then’)
  • لَ — La — Certainly (= Absolutely; assuredly; categorically; clearly, definitely; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; positively; surely; really; truly;  verily)
  • مِنَ — May-n … (ul)  — From among (= Among, from the category of several. See  مِّنۡ   above. A/t/a, ‘of the’)
  • الۡاٰثِمِيۡنَ‏ — Aa-thay-mee-n — The sinners (= n., pl., Blame-worthy; confirmed guilty; convicts; criminals; wrongdoers. A/t/a, ‘sinners,’ ‘sinner,’ ‘the sinful,’ ‘the sin be upon us,’ ‘be guilty of sin’ and evil-doers’)

 

** Note 005:107. The directions detaining both and swearing by Allah if you doubt have been translated differently in applying to the witnesses whether of you, or of others, or both.

Some translations erred because the author failed to notice a particular punctuation and its effect. The Note 002:003 and Commentaries Punctuations and Vowels and The Holy Qor-aan and Different Translations can help to comprehend the text accurately.

 

 

Posted in Commands - Humanism, One God with 99 names, Qor-aan's Translation - verse # | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

005:106

Posted on June 12, 2022 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                  005:106

 

  يٰۤـاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا عَلَيۡكُمۡ اَنۡفُسَكُمۡ‌ۚ  لَا يَضُرُّكُمۡ مَّنۡ ضَلَّ اِذَا اهۡتَدَيۡتُمۡ‌ ؕ اِلَى اللّٰهِ مَرۡجِعُكُمۡ جَمِيۡعًا فَيُـنَـبِّـئُكُمۡ بِمَا كُنۡتُمۡ تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ‏

 

Yaa-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo                                                                                          Alai-koom-un-fo-sa-koom                                                                                                                  Laa-ya-dzoor-ro-koom-mun-dzul-la-aiy-zaah-ta-dai-toom                                                        Aiy-lul-laa-hay-mur-jay-o-koom-ja-mee-un                                                                                    Fa-yo-nub-bay-o-koom-bay-maa-koon-toom-tau-ma-loo-n

 

Listen, you all who believed!                                                                                                On you is the responsibility for yourselves.                                                                      He who strayed won’t hurt you when you were rightly guided.                              To Allah is the return of you all.                                                                                        Then He informs you of what you have been doing.

 

The Holy Qor-aan has used the Phrase Yaa-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo many times

  • يٰۤ — Yaa — Listen (= Be attentive; hearken; pay attention; O!)
  • اَيُّهَا — Auy-yo-ha(ul) — You all (= All addressees; entire audience; whole lot of listeners)
  • ٱلَّذِينَ — Ul-la-zee-na — Those who (= pl., m, 3rd person. Those articles, things or persons
  • اٰمَنُوۡۤ — Aa-ma-noo — They Believed (= v., past., pl., 3rd person. Believed in the Holy Qor-aan; became Moslems. Accepted, acknowledged, admitted or witnessed their entry in Iss-laam. See Commentaries like Islam – 101, Phrase Aa-ma-noo-wa-aa-may-loos … and Believe and Disbelieve that floodlight other aspects how the Holy Qor-aan has used this word. A/t/a, ‘Believers’ and ‘O you who believe’)
  • عَلَيۡ — Alai — On (= Above; against; before; during; for; on; on top of; over. A/t/a, ‘guard,’ ‘be heedful,’ ‘have charge,’ ‘take care of,’ ‘(take care of yourselves for) upon … is the responsibility of’ and ‘are accountable’)       
  • كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. The Holy Qor-aan has addressed men and women jointly this way)
  • اَنۡفُسَ — Un-fo-sa — Selves (= n., pl., Hearts; individuals; minds; own sake; persons. A/t/a, ‘souls,’ ‘none but yourselves’ and ‘your own selves’)
  • كُمۡ — Koom — Your (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. See كُمۡ  above. A/t/a, ‘ye’ and ‘your own’)
  • لَا — Laa — won’t (= Naught; neither; never; none; nor; not at all; absolute denial and total negation without exception. A/t/a, ‘cannot’)
  • يَضُرُّ –Ya-dzoor-ro — Hurt (= v., pres., s., 3rd person. Harm; injure; trouble. Causes  loss; does no good; results in disadvantage. A/t/a, ‘hurt can come,’ ‘harm can come,’ ‘harm,’ ‘can do you … harm’ and ‘injure’)
  • كُمۡ — Koom — Your (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. See كُمۡ  above)
  • مَنۡ — Mun — Who (= Anyone; whoever; whom; whomever; whoso. A/t/a, ‘he who,’ ‘those who,’ ‘from those who are’ and ‘of another’)
  • ضَلَّ — Dzul-la — Strayed (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Blundered; misguided; mistaken;        strayed; turned in wrong direction or road. A/t/a, ‘has gone astray.’ But ‘stray,’ ‘errs,’ ‘in error,’ ‘erreth,’ ‘goes astray,’ ‘the going astray’ and ‘is astray’ in the present tense is no translation of what the Holy Qor-aan has stated with a verb in the past tense)
  • اِذَا — Aiy-zaa … (h) — When (= At the time or event; call to mind; recall; remember; think of the time, event, occasion or opportunity. A/t/a, ‘provided’ and ‘If’)
  • اهۡتَدَيۡ — Ah-ta-dai — Rightly guided (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Turned in right direction or on right road. A/t/a, ‘rightly guided,’ ‘you make sure of being rightly guided,’ ‘are on the right way,’ ‘are on the right path,’ ‘follow (right) guidance,’ ‘follow the (right) guidance [and  enjoin what is right (Islamic Monotheism and all that Islam orders one to do) and forbid what is wrong (polytheism, disbelief and all that Islam has forbidden)] in the present tense are not a translation of what the Holy Qor-aan has stated in the past tense)
  • تُمۡ — Toom — Your (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. See كُمۡ  above)
  • اِلَى — Aiy-lul — To (= In the direction of; to, towards, and ‘unto’)
  • اللّٰهِ — Laa-hay — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
  • مَرۡجِعُ — Mur-jay-o — Return (= n., Come back; reversal. A/t/a, ‘return,’ ‘the final return’ and ‘goal of.’ But ‘will … return’ and ‘shall … return’ are verbs and no translations of the noun used in the Holy Qor-aan)
  • كُمۡ — Koom — Your (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. See كُمۡ  above)
  • جَمِيۡعًا — Ja-me-aa — All (= Altogether, completely, entirely, totally or wholly)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= After all this; at the end; consequently; finally; hence; so; thereafter; therefore; thus. One author did not translate this word)
  • يُنَبِّئُ — Yo-nub-bay-o — He informs (= v., pres., s., 3rd person. Brings to notice; makes aware; spells out; tells. A/t/a, ‘He That will show,’ ‘He will inform,’ ‘will He disclose,’ ‘will disclose,’ ‘will He inform,’ ‘He will and ‘He will declare’)
  • كُمۡ — Koom — Your (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. See كُمۡ  above)
  • بِمَا — Bay-maa — All that (= Combination of two words. بِ  means ‘with / in’ and  مَاۤ    means  all that, whatever, whatsoever or whenever. The combination  بِمَا  (bay-maa) means ‘because of; on  account of; for the reason; due to; with / in all that. A/t/a,  ‘the truth of things,’ ‘of what,’ ‘as to what,’ ‘what’ and ‘about (all) that which’)
  • كُنۡـتُمۡ — Koon-toom — You have been (= Since the past were and have been continuously. It is a combination of two words. The first word is  كُنۡ  which means have or had been since the past. The second word is  تُمۡ  which refers to you all men and is the way how the Holy Qor-aan has addressed men and women jointly. A/t/a, ‘you used to,’ ‘you,’ ‘you were’ and ‘you have’)
  • تَعۡمَلُوۡنَ — Tau-ma-loo-na — You doing (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Acting; bringing about; doing; operating; performing; practicing; rendering; striving; working. A/t/a, ‘doing,’  ‘ye do’ and ‘do.’ But ‘did’ and ‘have done’ in the past tense is not a translations of what the Holy Qor-aan has stated in the present tense)
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005:105

Posted on June 11, 2022 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                          005:105

 

 وَاِذَا قِيۡلَ لَهُمۡ تَعَالَوۡا اِلٰى مَاۤ اَنۡزَلَ اللّٰهُ وَاِلَى الرَّسُوۡلِ قَالُوۡا حَسۡبُنَا مَا وَجَدۡنَا عَلَيۡهِ اٰبَآءَنَا‌ ؕ اَوَلَوۡ كَانَ اٰبَآؤُهُمۡ لَا يَعۡلَمُوۡنَ شَيۡــًٔـا وَّلَا يَهۡتَدُوۡنَ‏ 

 

Wa-ezaa-qee-la-la-hoom-ta-aa-lao-elaa-maa                                                                          Un-za-lul-laa-ho-wa-elur-ra-soo-lay-qaa-loo                                                                            Hus-bo-naa-maa-wa-jud-naa-alai-hay-aa-baa-aa-na                                                            Aa-wa-lao-kaa-na-aa-baa-o-hoom                                                                                                    Laa-yau-la-moo-na-shai-un-wa-laa-yauh-ta-doo-n

 

And when it was said to them, “Come to what                                                                Allah has entrusted to the Messenger.” They said,                                                          “That on which we found our forefathers has sufficed us.”                                        And what if their forefathers had been                                                                            Neither knowing anything, nor going right.

 

  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet)
  •  اِذَا — Ezaa — When (= At the time or event; call to mind; recall; remember; think of the time, event, occasion or opportunity. Also, behold; consider; ponder over; reflect)
  • قِيۡلَ —  Qee-la — Was said (= v., past, pass., m, 3rd person. Announced; broadcast; called; conveyed; declared; informed; elaborated; explained; responded; specified; spoken; stated; submitted; told. A/t/a, ‘It is said’)
  • لَ  —  La — For / To (= For the object, person, purpose or reason of; intended for; meant for; concerning; regarding; relative to)
  • هُمۡ‌ — Hoom — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Those men; they; theirs)
  • تَعَالَوۡا — Ta-aa-lao — Come (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Come. Come along. Come here. Let us do. Also, we challenge or throw out gauntlet to)
  • اِلَى — Elaa — To (= In the direction of; to; towards. A/t/a, ‘unto’)
  • مَاۤ — Maa — All that (= What; whatever; whatsoever. A/t/a, ‘that which’)
  • اَنۡزَلَ — Un-za-la — He entrusted (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Gave; granted; inspired; revealed; sent down; supplied. See Note 002:005a)
  • اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • اِلَى — E-la … (ur) — To (= In the direction of; to; towards)
  • الرَّسُوۡلِ — Ra-soo-lay — The Prophet (= n., s., Apostle; messenger; sage; saint. Ref to the Holy Prophet s.a.w generally. A/t/a, ‘this perfect Messenger’ and ‘the Messenger (Muhammad s.a.w. for the verdict of that which you have made unlawful’)
  • قَالُوۡا — Qaa-loo  — They said (= v., past, pl, 3rd person. Announced; broadcast; called;         conveyed; declared; informed; elaborated; explained; specified; told. A/t/a, ‘say,’ ‘retort’ and ‘reply’)
  • حَسۡبُ — Hus-bo — Sufficed (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Those people or things had fully,   adequately, entirely or wholly … accounted, balanced, completed, counted, justified, reckoned, satisfied,  settled, sufficed or suited. A/t/a, ’sufficient’ and ‘enough’ which are adjectives and so no translation of what the Holy Qor-aan stated in a verb)
  • نَآ  — Naa — Us (= pro., m/g., pl., 1st person. Our; Us. A/t, ‘for us is’)
  • مَاۤ — Maa — All that (= What; whatever; whatsoever; at such time; when. A/t/a, ‘that wherein,’ ‘faith’ and ‘that which’)
  • وَجَدۡ — Wa-jud — Found (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Came upon; discovered; noticed   perceived; realized; saw. A/t/a, ’found,’ ‘found … doing,’ ‘we have found’ and ‘have inherited’)
  • نَآ  — Naa — We (= pro., m/g., pl., 1st person. Our; Us)
  • عَلَيۡ — Alai — On (= Above; against; before; during; for; on; on top of; over; A/t/a, ‘that,’ ‘the way’ and ‘following’)
  • هِ — Hay — His (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid fact. A/t/a,                       ‘wherein’)
  • اٰبَآءَ –Aa-baa-aa — Forefathers (= n., pl., Elders; fathers; grandfathers h.h.s. The word includes parents and grandparents)
  • نَآ — Naa — Our (= pro., m/g., pl., 1st person. Our; Us)
  • اَ — Aa — What (= Question mark like Are, Can, Do, Have, Shell or Will? A/t/a, ‘Would they persist in their attitude’ and ‘What’)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • لَوۡ — Lao — If (= In case; under the circumstances; wish; would. A/t/a, ‘What! even though,’ ‘even though,’ ‘even if’ and ‘what (would they follow them blindly) even though’)
  • كَانَ — Kaa-na — Has been (= v., past., s., m., 3rd person., Continued doing; used to; went on; were doing. The words has or had always been indicate endless continuity from the past to the present and leading into the future. A/t/a, ‘were’ and ‘had’)
  • اٰبَآؤُ — Aa-baa-o — Forefathers (= n., pl., Elders; fathers; grandfathers. See  اٰبَآءَ  above)
  • هُمۡ‌ — Hoom — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Those men; they; theirs)
  • لَا — Laa — Not (= Naught; neither; never; none; nor; not at all; absolute denial and total negation without exception. A/t/a, ‘void  of’ and ‘nothing’)
  • يَعۡلَمُوۡنَ — Yau-la-moo-na —  Knowing (= v., pres., pl., 3rd person., Knowing the consequences of their calumny and enormity of their prior wrongs. A/t/a, ‘knew’ that is a verb in the past tense, and ‘knowledge’ that is a noun, are no translations of what the Holy Qor-aan has stated by a verb in the present tense)
  • شَيۡـــًٔا‌ — Shai-un — At all (= Anything at all however little or insignificant. A whit.                 Not the least. Smallest part of an article, item, object, material, thing, matter, type, phenomenon or stuff. To the least extent.  A/t/a, ‘whatsoever’ and ‘nothing’)
  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • لَا — Laa — Not (= Naught; none; not at all; total negation. See لَا  above)
  • يَهۡتَدُوۡنَ — Yauh-ta-doon — Going right (= v., pres., pl., 3rd person. Following the proper path and right road; getting good guidance and knowhow; taking the correct course, and decent directions to reach the right goal. A/t/a, ‘guidance,’ ‘had …  guidance,’ ‘had …  notion of guidance’ as nouns, or ‘were … guided’ and ‘were … rightly guided’ as verbs in the past tenses, are no translation of what the Holy Qor-aan has stated as a  verb in the present tense)
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005:104

Posted on June 8, 2022 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                             005:104

 

  مَا جَعَلَ اللّٰهُ مِنۡۢ بَحِيۡرَةٍ وَّلَا سَآٮِٕبَةٍ وَّلَا وَصِيۡلَةٍ وَّلَا حَامٍ‌ ۙ وَّلٰـكِنَّ الَّذِيۡنَ كَفَرُوۡا يَفۡتَرُوۡنَ عَلَى اللّٰهِ الۡـكَذِبَ‌ ؕ وَاَكۡثَرُهُمۡ لَا يَعۡقِلُوۡنَ‏

 

Maa-ja-aa-lul-laa-ho                                                                                                                              Min                                                                                                                                                            Ba-he-ra-tin-wa-laa-saa-e-ba-tin                                                                                                        Wa-laa-wa-se-la-tin-wa-laa-haa-min                                                                                              Wa-laa-kin-nul-la-zee-na-ka-fa-roo                                                                                                Yuf-ta-roo-na-alul-laa-hil-ka-zay-ba                                                                                                  Wa-uk-tho-ro-hoom-laa-yau-qay-loo-n

 

Allah has not made                                                                                                             From among animals held holy and sacred in honor of idols by being                The Split-eared and not the Pastured                                                                                  And not the Twin-birthed and not the Interdicted.                                                        But all those who have disbelieved                                                                                    Are concocting lies against Allah.                                                                                          And most of them do not act wisely.

 

  • مَاۤ  — Maa — Not (= Never; no; not at all)
  • جَعَلَ — Ja-aa-la … (ul) — He made (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Appointed; brought into being;  created; designed; fashioned; made; produced; set up. A/t/a, ‘instituted (superstitions Like those of),’ ‘instituted things like,’ ‘ordained no sanctity,’ ‘instituted (superstitions like those of),’ ‘has … ordained, ’ ’hath … appointed.’  But ‘demands’ in the present tense is not a translation of the past tense used in the Holy Qor-aan)
  • ٱللَّهَ — Laa-ha — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God)
  • مِنۡ — Min — From among (= Among, from or out of the class or category of several articles, kinds and things. A/t/a, ‘about animals described as,’ ‘any,’ ‘anything in the nature of’ and ‘cattle to be dedicated to idols’)
  • بَحِيۡرَةٍ — Ba-he-ra-tin — Split-eared (= n., f., s. A female camel let loose for free pasture with ears slit. See below Note 005.104. A/t/a, ‘Bahirah,’ ‘Bahira’ and ‘slit-ear she-camel’)
  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over. A/t/a, ‘or’)
  • لَا — Laa — Not (= Naught; neither; never; none; nor; not at all; absolute denial and total negation without exception)
  • سَآٮِٕبَةٍ — Saa-e-ba-tin — Pastured (= n., f., s. A female camel freed to graze in pastures. See below Note 005.104. A/t/a, ‘saibah,’ ‘Saiba’ and ‘She-camel let loose for pasture’)
  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • لَا — Laa — Not (= Naught; none; not at all; total negation. See  لَا  above)
  • وَصِيۡلَةٍ — Wa-se-la-tin — Twin-birthed  (= n., f., s. A camel, ewe or goat with multiple deliveries and/or a twin-birth. See below Note 005:104. A/t/a, ‘wasilah,’  ‘Wasila’ and  ‘Idol sacrifices for twin-births in animals’)
  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • لَا — Laa — Not (= Naught; none; not at all; total negation. See  لَا   above)
  • حَامٍ‌ — Haa-min — Interdicted (= n., m., s. A male camel with a studding record who is left to roam around freely. See below Note 005:104. A/t/a, ‘hami,’ ‘Stallion camels freed from work’ and ‘an animal that is left at liberty without being made use of in any way whatsoever’)
  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • لٰـكِنۡ — Laa-kin … (nula) — But (= However; instead; nevertheless; yet. A/t/a, ‘This is’)
  • ٱلَّذِينَ — Ul-la-zee-na — Those who (= pl., m, 3rd person. Refers to those articles, persons, things)      
  • كَفَرُوۡا — Ka-fa-roo — They disbelieved (= v., past, pl., 3rd person. Denied, refused and rejected the Faith and belief in Allah, the Holy Qor-aan, Islam and become Moslem. See our Commentary Believe and Disbelieve. A/t/a, ‘blasphemers,’ ‘unbelievers’ and ‘who disbelieve’ are nouns and no translation of the verb in the past tense that the Holy Qor-aan has used)
  • يَفۡتَرُونَ — Yuf-ta-roo-na — They concocting (= v., pres., pl., 3rd person. Padding up lies to appear true. This word shows people pursuing for a bad result and not for any good outcome; see details in 003:025. A/t/a, ‘fabricate,’ ‘forge’ and ‘invent.’ But ‘have  fabricated,’ ‘invented’ and ‘have invented … attributed it to God’ are verbs in the past tense and they are no translation of what the Holy Qor-aan has used in the past tense)
  • عَلٰى — Aa-la … (ul) — On (= Above; against; before; during; for; on; on top of; over; to; upon)
  • اللّٰهِ — Laa-h … (il) — Allah (= The One and the Only One Almighty God. This and the prior word not even translated by author N J Dawood)
  • الۡكَذِبَ — Ka-zay-ba — The lie (= n., s., Denial of truth; disbelief; fabrication; falsehood;  misrepresentation; rejection of truth. A/t/a, ‘a lie,’ ‘a lie (by such superstitious dedications) in the name of Allah,’ ‘lies’ and ‘falsehood’)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • اَكۡثَر  — Uk-tha-ro — Most of (= Greater or large number; majority; mostly)
  • هُمۡ‌ — Hoom — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Those men; they; theirs)
  • لَا — Laa  — Do not (= Naught; none; not at all; total negation. See لَا  above)
  • يَعۡقِلُوۡنَ — Yau-qay-loo-n — Act wisely (= v., pres., pl., 3rd person. Act intelligently, sensibly, smartly; understand. See Note 002:171. A/t/a, ‘lack wisdom,’ ‘have no understanding,’ ‘have no sense,’ ‘make use of their understanding,’ ‘cannot refrain (from  such polytheistic superstitions) and ‘are lacking in  judgment’)

 

** Note 005:104. The pagan Arabs had a custom to sacrifice animals as a mark of extoling their idol-gods. They had also established exceptions to that custom and attached religious sanctity to the saved animals. They allowed these animals to freely roam, eat, drink and enjoy pastures as a practical form of worship. They regarded those animals too sacred for sacrificial slaughtering due to the presumed religious proscription. The verse 005:104 enumerates four animals that could not be sacrificed to honor their gods anymore. Malik Ghulam Farid told of them in Notes as follows.

  • “798. Bahirah: A name given by pagan Arabs to a she-camel which had given birth to seven young ones and was let loose to feed freely after its ears were split. It was dedicated to some gods and its milk was not used nor its back.”
  • “798A. Sa’ibah: A she-camel let loose to water and pasture after giving birth to five young ones.”
  • “798B. Wasilah: A she-camel (or an ewe or she-goat) let loose in the name of a god after she had given birth to seven female young ones consecutively. If at the seventh birth she bore a pair, male and female, these were also let loose.”
  • “798C. Hami: A camel which had fathered seven young ones. It was let loose and was not used for riding or carrying. It was free to pasture and water.”

Author N J Dawood  bundled them all in a cryptic Footnote and said, “Names given by pagan Arabs to sacred animals offered at the Ka’ba.”

Authors M Mohsin Khan and Taqi-uddin bundled them as “(all these animals were liberated in honor of idols as practised by pagan Arabs in the pre-Islamic period).”

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005:103

Posted on June 7, 2022 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                           005:103

 

قَدۡ سَاَ لَهَا قَوۡمٌ مِّنۡ قَبۡلِكُمۡ ثُمَّ اَصۡبَحُوۡا بِهَا كٰفِرِيۡنَ

 

Qud-sa-aa-la-haa-qao-moom-min-qub-lay-koom                                                                    Thoom-ma-us-ba-hoo-bay-haa-kaa-fay-ree-n

 

Some people from before you surely asked about that                                                  But then they became ungrateful for that.

 

  • قَدۡ — Qud — Surely  (= This word lays emphasis like very definitely; surely. See Note 004:049 and our Commentary titled the 2 Words of Emphasis used together Multiply Effect. A/t/a, ‘indeed’)
  • سَاَ لَ — Sa-aa-la — Asked (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Demanded answer; enquired;  questioned. A/t/a, ‘Did ask … questions,’ ‘asked … questions,’ ‘asked,’ ‘asked (for such disclosures),’ ‘inquired,’ ‘asked questions’ and ‘questioned’)
  • هَا — Haa — That (= pro., s., f., 3rd person., Refers to aforesaid thing. A/t/a, ‘such,’ ‘about such things,’ ‘about such (details and),’ ‘concerning such things’ and ‘about them’)
  • قَوۡمٌ — Qao-moon — People (= n., s., Addressees; attendees; fellows; followers; folks; nation; party; people; tribe. A/t/a, ‘some people,’ ‘a folk,’ ‘a people,’ ‘a community’ and ‘other men’)
  • مِّنۡ — Min –From (= Among, from or out of the class or category of several articles, counts, kind, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • قَبۡلِ — Qub-lay — Before (= Earlier, former, older, past or prior times)
  • كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., 2nd person. You all men. This way the Holy Qor-aan generally addresses men and women jointly)
  • ثُمَّ — Thoom-ma — Then (= After that; further more; subsequently; thereafter. A/t/a,   ‘then,’ ‘and then,’ ‘but then,’ ‘but when they were disclosed them,’ ‘so’ and ‘only’)
  • اَصۡبَحُوۡا — Us-ba-hoo — They became (= v., past., pl., 3rd person. Turned into. A/t/a, ‘became,‘ ‘lost,’ ‘refused’ and ‘to flout’)
  • بِهَا — Bay-haa — For that (= This combines two words. The first word is بِ (= bay)  literally means with although English proposition ‘for’ does suit more in the present context. The second word  هَا (= haa) is a pronoun for a single female in 3rd person that refers to the aforesaid person, thing or event. A/t/a, ‘therein,’ ‘them,’ ‘of  it,’ ‘them’ and ‘on that account’)
  • كٰفِرِيۡنَ — Kaa-fay-reen — Ungrateful (= n., pl., Thankless and unappreciative; who abuse, misuse, refuse, fail to use, or gratefully utilize any of God-given blessings, gifts, opportunities or talents. See Note to the verse 002:007. A/t/a, ‘lost their faith,’   ‘disbelievers,’ ‘to carry … out’ and ‘disbelieved’)

 

** Note 005103. The verse states that the believers had requested and so they were given the clear command, direction, explanation or instruction by revealing it in the Holy Qor-aan. But then the authors differed in deducting the consequences for those requesters.

Most authors concluded that the requesters ‘became grateful for it’ by not implementing the revealed information.

Author Dr Ahmad Zidan concluded that they ‘became disbelievers of it’ by not believing the reveled information.

Author NJ Dawood stated that they ‘inquired about them … only to flout them’ and so went on yet another different accusatory tangent.  

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Law – Successors, The Righteous

Posted on May 31, 2022 by Abid

LAW

Successors, The Righteous

For a better perspective, read together the Commentaries tiled as “Succession (Caliphate),” “Successors (Caliphs)” and “Successors, The Righteous”

 

The Holy Qor-aan commands to “obey Allah, His Messenger and those in authority among you” (004:060). History shows that almost from the get-go the Moslem have passionately followed what was mandated by the Holy Qor-aan and whatever was expounded by the Holy Prophet s.a.w. whose sayings such as “In the difference of opinion among my followers will be the life” became part of Islamic Jurisprudence as soon as they were known.

 

The Holy Prophet passed away on June 8, 632 AD. Mourners gathered around his body.  An early arrival was Hz Omar-bin-Khuttab r.a who drew his sword and announced that he would behead anyone who stated that their Leader s.a.w had died. Hz Abu Bakr r.a arrived later, saw the scene and announced that anyone who thought that Mohammed s.a.w was God could see that his God had died but those who believed that he was a messenger of God should know that God was Living and had just recalled His Messenger to Himself.

 

It took courage to speak the truth against a drawn-out sword by a man well-known for his harshness. The boldness of Hz Abu Bakr r.a in taking control of the situation was recognized by all men present. People realized the stark difference between the two contrarian announcements by the close friends. They noticed that both those companions of the Holy Prophet s.a.w had a merit in what they asserted. Yet they instantaneously rewarded Hz Abu Bakr r.a. by proclaiming the choice that he would lead them. One attendee on the spur of the moment proposed and others followed by expressing allegiances. A unique system had just been originated by electing a new leader to be the Khaleefa-toor-rasool. The rasool meant the Holy Prophet s.a.w and the Khaleefa (Caliph = خليفه) meant one to lead Moslem on his behalf.

 

The first phase of Khilaafut (Caliphate = خلافت) spanned over 632-661 AD. In that period four Caliphs came up and are known as the Kholafaa Raashideen (خلفاء الراشدين)  meaning the Righteous Successors  who represented the holy Prophet s.a.w. Hz Abu Bakr r.a. was the First Caliph. Hz Omar ibn Khattab r.a, was the Second Caliph. Hz Uthman ibn Affan r.a. was the Third Caliph. Hz Ali ibn Abi Talib r.a. was the Fourth Caliph. Although last three were murdered by dissidents, a great majority (of different sects) of Moslems regard them very good, pious and righteous Moslems.

 

The first  Caliph (خليفه)  Hz Abu Bakr r.a. was elected. He recognized those who expressed their contrarian views freely, publicly, democratically. The system which evolved from that forward became known as the Khelaafut (Calaphate = خلافت)  Masses claimed it was the divine will and scholars supported the view with many arguments. One reason is that Not a leaf from a tree falls without His knowing it laid down in verse 006:060. Another reason is that Obey Allah, the Messenger and those in authority in you in verse 004:060.

 

The second Caliph (خليفه) Hz Omar bin Khattab r.a. while addressing from the pulpit once asked as to what they would do if one day they saw him rule unjustly. The audience drew their swords out and loudly said that they would straighten him with the swords He was moved and thanked God that his friends won’t let him go wrong.

 

The administrator of Jerusalem upon the victory of Moslem army said that he would give the City’s key to the Caliph. The 2nd Caliph accompanied by a slave travelled there. They had only one camel and the Caliph directed that he and the slave would ride the camel in turns. It was the turn of the slave who was on the camel when the two entered the city. The locals thought that the rider was the Caliph and bowed to him. When rightly identified and asked, the Caliph said that all were equal in the eyes of God.

 

The Third Caliph (خليفه) Hz Uthman r.a. was told by the Holy Prophet s.a.w. of a dream the latter had seen. Based upon that he directed that some people would try taking it off a cloak that Allah would put on him but should not take it off. History tells that years later those who scaled over the walls of his residence told him to resign from being the Caliph. Upon his refusal he was killed. The proponents of Khelaafut maintain that this incident established the rule that all Caliphs would hold the title for life.

 

The Fourth Caliph (خليفه) Hz Ali ibn Abi Talib r.a., had arrived at the very inception of the Caliphate and pledged allegiance to the 1st Caliph Hz Abu Bakr r.a, Yet the Shiites maintain that only Ali had the right to succeed as the Caliphas. See the Commentaries Law – Succession (Caliphate) and Law – Successors (Caliphs).

 

Ahmadis interpret the verse 024:056 (Ayat-e-Istikhlaaf) as a promise of Allah to continue their Khelafut (خلافت) till eternity. They are sure to win the hearts of the world within 300 years of their Sect’s inception in 1889. They already have established communities in nearly 200 countries and have a good shot for it. They elected Hakeem Noor-ud-Din as their Khaleefa–tool-Massih First in India in 1908. They ”believe that no verse of the Qur’an was abrogated” as held by the Lahore High Court when many so-called scholars had deposed to the contrary before the Court. The sect follows its Khaleefa (Caliph = خليفه) who had to leave Pakistan and whose successor is now settled in England.

 

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Law – Successors (Caliphs)

Posted on May 1, 2022 by Abid

LAW

Successors (Caliphs)

For a better perspective, read together the Commentaries tiled as “Succession (Caliphate),” “Successors (Caliphs)” and “Successors, The Righteous.”

Islam mandates all its Commands and Prohibitions to be followed fully. The rules, the ruled and the ruler are well-defined. The means and mechanism to enforce them all are well-placed. It gets peace to man’s heart and soul which in turn spills over the entire society and makes it peaceful.

But human nature includes ambition, greed and crossing the lines. All man-made systems break at their weak links and shatter the chain even when made of the best ideas. Vices like the Primogeniture and Harems soon crept into caliphate even when it was named as an institution of the God-made religion. Man-made limits on power, time or term have always failed.

History shows that zealots added and subtracted their notions into religions. Kings and wannabee aspirants clothed their fabrications in attractive garbs as religious dogmas. Enemies also contributed greatly such as Abdulla-bin-Saba who faked his entry into Islam very early. They all have smeared the face of this faith as outlined in our commentary History of Add-ons.

The system Caliphate (Khelaafut (خلافت) evolved in time. It started producing Caliphs or rulers who really were just like other kings. They and their cronies kept expanding their prestige, privilege and power by importing concepts and theories practiced by other royalists like among others the following:

1. King can do no wrong meaning what he does is the Law and therefore no Wrong.

2. King is God’s shadow on earth meaning he can do whatever and whenever he likes.

3. God makes a king meaning no other man can object to anything what the king does.

4. Law of progeniture meaning the eldest son has a title to the throne after a king is gone. That is how Yazeed succeeded his father Ameer Mo-aa-viah when their O-muy-yid dynasty ruled in Baghdad (Iraq) from the 36th till the 96th year Hijri. These rulers were labelled as Caliphs.

5. O-muy-yid dynasty’s rule ended nearly sixty years later when they were taken out by the sword. Then on Ab-baa-site dynasty ruled as kings though labelled as Caliphs and ruled for six centuries until taken out by sword and destruction by Genghis Khan in 1258 AD.

6. Bloodshed is permissible in fights for throne like Turkish queen Mahperi Hatun vouched. She orchestrated the murder of her husband Sultan Allaudin Keykubad, Crown Prince Kilicarslan and the other Queen Melike Adile Sultan. She thus successfully mounted her own son as Sultan Ghiyaseddin Keyhusrev to the Seljuk throne of the Caliphate in Turkey.

7. The Ruler is God’s only representative on earth like the Chinese ruler Ogedei Khan son of Genghis Kan had said. He claimed that Mongols’ Only One God Tengri… and there has been no higher being than Him for all eternity had made him the sole representative on Earth when he got on the throne of Genghis Khan in 1229 and ruled till his death in 1241.

8. Harems are a King’s legitimate privilege like the 10th Ottoman Sultan Suleiman (labelled also as The Magnificent, The Lawgiver and The Sexual) had from where one slave Sultan Hurrem even birthed his seed and successor Sultan Saleem.

9. Setting up one’s own shop is okay as was done by Abdur Rahman III in Spain who severed ties with the central Caliphate in the Baghdad and declared himself as a Caliph (خليفه).

Dozens of sects grew in many centuries, countries and cultures with contradictory views of Islam. They kept evolving the role of their leadership and clothing it with the spirituality garb of a religion. They continually produced, presented and promoted justifications why the ruler was the only authority. They eroded the responsibility of a leader in the teachings of Islam to zero.

Answering to none is today legally and academically the norm for an Emir in an Emirate, Caliph in a Caliphate, Emperor in an Empire, Imam in an Imamate, Khan in a Khanate or Sultan in a Sultanate. It could be an Imam of Shiites who follow their first 11 Imams, have been waiting for centuries for the 12th to appear, and rule as the Ayatollahs in Iran and carry the titles of Agas in Indo-Pak lands. It could be a Sultan who ruled from the north-western Turkey in the 13th Century to the eastern half of Europe and the north Africa for centuries when Turks promoted their State to last for a thousand years. It could be a Khadim-ul-Hermain-ush-Sharifain (Servant Of The Two Lofty Sacred Sites, Kau-bah in Mukkah and Musjid Nubwi in Madina) who really is the King of Saudi Arab where the claims of Spirituality got added with the worldly wealth of discovered oil.

The history of Caliphate (Khelaafut (خلافت) On-Line accessible by the word  has Caliph (خليفه) the following quotes.

1. “(C)ombined rule is idealized by the majority … for having been based on the concepts of shura (consultation), ijmāʿ (consensus) of Muslims, and bayʿah (allegiance). In contrast, subsequent rulers … instituted dynastic rule, which … was largely regarded as illegitimate, although … grudgingly accepted.”

  1. (T)he “title of caliph was borne by the 14 Umayyad rulers of Damascus and subsequently by the 38 Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad, whose dynasty fell before the Mongols in 1258. There were titular caliphs of ʿAbbāsid descent in Cairo under the Mamlūks from 1258 until 1517, when the last caliph was captured by the Ottoman sultan Selim I.”
  1. “The Ottoman sultans then claimed the title and used it until it was abolished by the Turkish Republic on March 3, 1924”
  1. ”Shiʿahs … call the supreme office the “imamate,” … (and) no caliph is legitimate.” “Sunni scholars insisted that the office belonged to the tribe of Quraysh … but this condition would have vitiated the claim of the Ottoman sultans, who held the office after the last ʿAbbāsid caliph of Cairo transferred it to Selim I.”

 

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