002:190

Posted on February 17, 2016 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                                   002:190

 

يَسۡـــَٔلُوۡنَكَ عَنِ الۡاَهِلَّةِ ‌ؕ قُلۡ هِىَ مَوَاقِيۡتُ لِلنَّاسِ وَالۡحَجِّ ؕ وَلَيۡسَ الۡبِرُّ بِاَنۡ تَاۡتُوا الۡبُيُوۡتَ مِنۡ ظُهُوۡرِهَا وَلٰـكِنَّ الۡبِرَّ مَنِ اتَّقٰى‌ۚ وَاۡتُوا الۡبُيُوۡتَ مِنۡ اَبۡوَابِهَا وَاتَّقُوا اللّٰهَ لَعَلَّکُمۡ تُفۡلِحُوۡنَ‏‏‏

 

Yus-aloo-na-ka-aa-nil-aa-hil-la-tay                                                                                             Qool-hay-ya-ma-waa-qee-to-lin-naa-say-wul-hujj                                                                      Wa-lai-sul-bir-ra-bay-un-tau-tool-bo-yoo-ta-min-za-hoo-ray-haa                                           Wa-laa-kin-nul-bir-ra-ma-nit-ta-qaa                                                                                             Wa-aa-tool-bo-yoo-ta-min-ub-waa-bay-haa                                                                                  Wut-ta-qool-laa-ha-la-ul-la-koom-toof-lay-hoo-n.

 

They ask you about the New moons.                                                                                   Say, ‘They are the markers of time for the people and the Hujj.”                              And it is no virtue that you enter homes from their backs                                       But the virtue is of the person who feared God.                                                               And you enter the homes from the front doors.
And love Allah so that you can prosper.  

 

  • يَسۡـَٔلُونَ — Yus-aloo-na — They ask (= v., pres. pl., 3rd person. Ask; beg; demand; inquire;  interrogate; question; request; seek info)
  • كَ — Ka — You (= pro., s., m., 2nd person. You single male. The addressee  of this divine message is initially the Holy Prophet s.a.w and secondarily every Moslem, in fact every  human being.  See the Note under 002:005)
  • عَنِ — Aa-n..(il) — From (= About; concerning; regarding; relative to)
  •  لۡاَهِلَّةِ — Aa-hil-la-tay — New moons (= 1. Phases of the new moon.   2.  Some people include sun or other celestial objects that appear in the sky.  3.  “Islam  has made use of both the lunar and solar system for measuring time” – [Malik Ghulam Farid Note 217].  4.  Pagan Arabs attached to the appearance of new moon some superstitions that this verse alluded to and ended)
  • قُلۡ — Qool — Say (= v., s., 2nd person. Announce, broadcast, call, convey, elaborate, explain expound, inform, insist, maintain,  persist, specify, state or tell.  See our Commentary ‘You say’ means...’)
  • هِىَ — Hay-ya — They (= s., f., 3rd person., Refers to aforesaid ‘new moons’)
  • مَوَاقِيۡتُ — Ma-waa-qee-to — Markers (= Alterations meant to determine time; appointed times; markers fixing times and seasons; measures of time, duration, events or periods as is done by the clocks and watches; times appointed and fixed)
  • ل — L..(in) — For (= For the attention, benefit, convenience, determination,  object, general convenience or purpose of regulating the affairs of)
  • لنَّاسِ — Naa-say  — The people (= Factions; folks, mankind, groups, men, nations or tribes)
  • وَ — Wa…(ul) — And  (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but;    also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • الۡحَجِّ — Huj-jay — Hujj (= Pilgrimage to Kau-ba.  See our Commentary 5 Acts of worships)
  • وَ — Wa — And — (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses.  See وَ  above)
  • لَـيۡسَ — Lai-sa…(ul) — No (= Never; no; not all; absolute negation)
  • الۡبِرُّ — Bir-ro — The virtue (= Doing good deeds; good character; noble actions; piety righteousness; virtuous conduct in all acts of obedience)
  • بِ — Bay — With — (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally means ‘with’ in English
  • اَنۡ — Un — That — (= Since; so that; in case; since; under the circumstances)
  • تَاۡتُوا — Tau-to..(ol) — You enter (= Approach; come; seek entrance)
  • الۡبُيُوۡتَ — Bo-yoo-ta — Homes (= Houses; dwellings; residences)
  • مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind)
  • ظُهُوۡرِ — Za-hoo-ray — Backs    *    (= 1. Back doors; back-entrances idolaters practiced that as a ritual in some seasons.   2.   Behind)
  • هَا — Haa — Their (= pro., s., f., 3rd person., Refers to category of ‘homes’)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses.  See وَ  above)
  • لٰـكِنَّ — La-kin-na..(ul) — But (= However; instead; nevertheless; yet)
  • الۡبِرَّ — Bir-ra — The virtuous (= Doing good deeds; good character; noble actions; piety righteousness; virtuous conduct in all acts of obedience)
  • مَنِ — Ma-n…(it) — Who (= Anyone; whoever; whatever; whom; whomever)
  • اتَّقٰى — Ut-ta-qaa Feared God     (= v., Act piously and righteously. Avoid angering Allah.  Be dutiful to God. Be pious. Guard against evil.  Learn the self-restraint. Practice righteousness. Take Allah as the shield. Kept duty to God. Ward off evil.  See 002:003 and Commentary The Righteous)
  • وَ — Wa —  And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses.  See وَ  above)
  • اۡتُوا — Aa-to..(ol) — You enter (= Approach; come in seek entrance)
  • الۡبُيُوۡتَ — Bo-yoo-ta — Homes (= Houses; dwellings; residences)
  • مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind or several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • اَبۡوَابِ — Ub-waa-bay — Front doors (= Proper doors; regular entrances)
  • هَا — Haa —  Their (= pro., s., f., 3rd person., Refers to aforesaid ‘homes’)

                                    The rule in the next seven (7) words is repeated in                                      verses 002:190, 003:131 and 003:201, etc.

  • وَ — Wa … (ut) — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses.  See وَ  above)
  •  اتَّقُوا — Ut-ta-qoo —  You love (= v., pres., m., 2nd person, Act piously and avoid angering Allah by being deeply in love with Him; be afraid, pious  or righteous. See Commentary The Righteous. See  اتَّقٰى  above)
  • ٱللَّهَ — Laa-ha — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
  • لَعَلَّ — La-ulla — So that (= Haply; hopefully; perchance; perhaps; possibly; maybe; wanting and wishing the result to be)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person., You. The Holy Qor-aan has addressed men and women jointly this way)
  • تُفۡلِحُوۡنَ‏‏‏ — Toof-lay-hoo-n — Prosper (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Be victorious; grow; succeed; triumph; win)

 

* Note 002:190.   The Pagan Arabs had some superstitions attached to the appearance of new moon.    At the appearance of a new moon they entered homes from the back doors.  This verse decried that.    This verse directed Moslems to enter homes from front door and be upfront and honest in dealings.    That is why this Command has been also translated as follows.

  • To succeed in all pursuits legally, honestly and openly.
  • To seek acquisitions legally and fairly and not underhandedly.
  • To supply full information in all negotiations, contracts and other transactions.
  • To submit to the laws of a society one enters by respecting its manners and customs.
  • To speak directly without beating about the bush.

 

Some translations have narrowed down and applied this verse to only specific situations.   “Once you set forth for the Pilgrimage and then have occasion to revisit your homes, it is no part of righteousness that you should enter them from the backs thereof; indeed truly righteous is he who guards himself against evil out of fear of Allah. Enter your homes by the doors thereof” – [mzk]

 

Our opinion about the words  وَاۡتُوا الۡبُيُوۡتَ مِنۡ اَبۡوَابِهَا (= And enter homes from their doors) is simple.    They state a Rule of Universal Application to enter homes openly from their regular front doors.    They prohibit entering own or others’ homes without appropriate loud greetings or announcement.    They imply asking permission before entering a home and which when denied must be complied.    The Command covers all affairs, all dealings of all persons in every society, country or jurisdiction.    An example is secretly, stealthily sneaking in another country violating its immigration laws of it.  I recall hearing a Hadeeth to the effect to ask permission before you enter another person’s house.   And it continued, “If the permission is denied, go away because in doing that is good for you.”

Posted in Commands - Humanism, Commentary and Notes, One God with 99 names, Qor-aan's Translation - verse # | Tagged , , , , , , | Leave a comment

002:189

Posted on February 12, 2016 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                   002:189

 

وَلَا تَاۡكُلُوۡٓا اَمۡوَالَـكُمۡ بَيۡنَكُمۡ بِالۡبَاطِلِ وَتُدۡلُوۡا بِهَآ اِلَى الۡحُـکَّامِ لِتَاۡکُلُوۡا فَرِيۡقًا مِّنۡ اَمۡوَالِ النَّاسِ بِالۡاِثۡمِ وَاَنۡـتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ

 

Wa  laa  tau-ko-loo  um-waa-la  koom  bai-na  koom  bay  il-baa-tay-lay                              Wa  tood-loo  bay-haa  aiy-lul  hook-kaa-may  lay  tau-ko-loo  free-qaun                              Min  um-waa-lay  in-naa-say  bay  il-ith-may  wa  un-too  tau-la-moo-n

 

And you do not eat up your assets among you with falsehood                                    Or turn it over to the authorities for you to eat up part                                            From other peoples’ assets with sin and you know that.

 

  • وَ  — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but;  also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)

The text in the next eight (8) words is repeated in verses 002:189 and 004:030

  • لَا — Laa — Do not (= Absolute denial; never; not at all; total negation)
  • تَاۡكُلُوۡٓا — Tau-ko-loo — You eat up (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Consume; devour; partake; swallow; eat up voraciously; partake; swallow. Also, use the process to glutton up, live on, misappropriate. squander, usurp, take illegally take or usurp)
  • اَمۡوَالَ — Um-waa-la — Assets (= n., pl., Affluence, money; property; substance; wealth. Also, gains; goods; possessions; riches; resources; valuables. See more meanings in Note 002:262)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — Your (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
  • بَيۡنَ — Bai-na — Among (= Between; betwixt; each other; one another)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. See کُم above)
  • بِ — Bay … (il) — With (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally means with. This word when before a noun can make them both mean like an English adverb. So, in the instant case the meanings would be deceitfully, falsely, illegally or improperly)
  • الۡبَاطِلِ — Baa-tay-lay — Falsehood (= n., Crooked ways; deceit; deception; false means false pretenses; illegalities; illusion; incorrect statements; lies; misrepresentations; untruths. A/t/a in ‘any illegal way’ like ‘deceiving, robbing or stealing’; in vanity)
  • وَ — Wa — Or (= Conj., And; also; but; moreover. See  وَ  above)
  • تُدۡ لُوۡا — Tood-loo — You turn over (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Contact; gain access; get; give;  reach. Also, bait; bribe; deliver; offer; return; revert. Use money as the leverage to corrupt those who have less money, more power or worldly authority and are prone to fall and succumb to greed. See Note 002:189)
  • بِهَآ — Bay-haa — It / With it (= This word is a combination of two words. The first word is  بِ  literally means with. This word when before a noun, can make them both mean like an English adverb. So, in instant case the meanings would  be criminally, sinfully, unjustly or wrongfully. The second word is a pronoun  هَا that refers to the aforesaid giver’s assets) )
  • اِلَى — Aiy-la ,,, (ul) — To (= In the direction of; towards; with)
  • الۡحُـکَّامِ — Hook-kaa-may — Authorities (= n., pl., Administrators; custodians; decision makers; judges; managers; officers; officials; office-bearers; officeholders; rulers; trustees)
  • لِ — Lay — For (= For the benefit or object or purpose of; so that)
  • تَاۡكُلُوۡٓا — Tau-ko-loo — You eat up (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Consume; deliberately devour.  See  تَاۡكُلُوۡٓا  above)
  • فَرِيۡقًا — Free-qaun — Part (= (= n., s., A bit; division; little of; portion; section; selection; share; some only of a whole lot)
  • مِّنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind or several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)

The text in the next three (3) words is repeated in verses 002:189 and 004:030

  • الۡاَمۡوَالِ — Um-waa-lay … (in) — Assets (= n., pl., Money; property; wealth. See اَمۡوَالَ above
  • لنَّاسِ — Naa-say — The people (= Factions; folks, mankind; groups; men; nations; tribes)
  • بِ — Bay … (il) — With (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally means with. This word  when before a noun, can make them both mean like an English adverb; so in the instant case the meanings would be criminally, sinfully, unjustly or wrongly)
  • الۡاِثۡمِ — Ith-may —  Sin (= n., Blame; crime; guilt; infraction; illegality; wrong;  unjustifiable or unlawful conduct for which one is accountable; iniquity; injustice; transgression; unjust)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., Also; but; moreover; or. See  وَ  above)
  • اَنۡـتُمۡ — Un-toom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men)
  • تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ — Tau-la-moon — You know (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. You are in the know of it; become aware; come to know; get informed; turn into knowing. This word and the prior word have also been translated as consciously, intentionally or knowingly)

 

* Note 002:189. The translation by A Yusuf Ali is that this verse addressed the fourth kind of greed because the primal physical needs generate three kinds of greed.

  1. Greed in opposite sex.
  2. Greed in eating and drinking.
  3. Greed in men seeking power and property by corrupting others with their wealth or eyeing others’ moneys.

The 4th kind of greed relates to society where people greedily aspire to be winners. The prior verse covered the first three kinds. This verse came right after covering the fourth. The moral is that Fasting increases self-restraint and self-control to subdue all types of greed.

Those in authority with lots of power generally are prone to greedily bite on all baits of bribery. This verse prohibits using wealth to corrupt those with lesser money but more authority

Posted in Commands - Humanism, Commentary and Notes, Qor-aan's Translation - verse # | Tagged , , | Leave a comment

002:188

Posted on February 12, 2016 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                            002:188

 

اُحِلَّ لَـکُمۡ لَيۡلَةَ الصِّيَامِ الرَّفَثُ اِلٰى نِسَآٮِٕكُمۡ‌ؕ هُنَّ لِبَاسٌ لَّـكُمۡ وَاَنۡـتُمۡ لِبَاسٌ لَّهُنَّ ؕ عَلِمَ اللّٰهُ اَنَّکُمۡ كُنۡتُمۡ تَخۡتَانُوۡنَ اَنۡفُسَکُمۡ فَتَابَ عَلَيۡكُمۡ وَعَفَا عَنۡكُمۡۚ فَالۡـــٰٔنَ بَاشِرُوۡهُنَّ وَابۡتَغُوۡا مَا کَتَبَ اللّٰهُ لَـكُمۡ وَكُلُوۡا وَاشۡرَبُوۡا حَتّٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَـكُمُ الۡخَـيۡطُ الۡاَبۡيَضُ مِنَ الۡخَـيۡطِ الۡاَسۡوَدِ مِنَ الۡفَجۡرِ‌ؕ ثُمَّ اَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ اِلَى الَّيۡلِ‌ۚ وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوۡهُنَّ وَاَنۡـتُمۡ عٰكِفُوۡنَ فِى الۡمَسٰجِدِؕ تِلۡكَ حُدُوۡدُ اللّٰهِ فَلَا تَقۡرَبُوۡهَا ؕ كَذٰلِكَ يُبَيِّنُ اللّٰهُ اٰيٰتِهٖ لِلنَّاسِ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَتَّقُوۡنَ‏

 

O-hil-la  la  koom  lai-la-tay  is-sa-yaa-may                                                                                    Ir-ra-fa-tho  aiy-laa  nay-saa-aiy  koom                                                                                          Hoon-na  lay-baa-soon  la  koom                                                                                                    Wa  aun-toom  lay-baa-soon  la  hoon-na

Aa-lay-ma  ul-laa-ho  aun-na-koom                                                                                                  Koon-toom  ta-ukh-taa-noo-na  aun-fo-sa  koom                                                                          Fa  taa-ba  aa-lai  koom  wa  aa-faa  aun  koom 

Fa  ul-aa-na  baa-shay-roo  hoon-na                                                                                                  Wa  ub-ta-ghoo  maa  ka-ta-ba  ul-laa-ho  la  koom                                                                       Wa  ko-loo  wa  ush-ra-boo  haut-ta  ya-ta-buy-yaun-na  la  ko-mo                                          Ol-khai-t0  0l-aub-ya-dzo  may-na  ul-khai-tay  il-aus-wa-day                                                  May-na  ul-fauj-ray

Thoom-ma  aa-tim-moo  s-say-yaa-ma  aiy-la  ul-lai-lay
Wa  laa  to-baa-shay-roo  hoon-na  wa  aun-toom                                                                          Aa-kay-foo-na  fee  l-ma-saa-jid

Til-ka  ho-do-do  ol-laa-hay  fa  laa  tauq-ra-boo  haa
Ka  zaa-lay-ka  yo-buy-yo-no  ol-laa-ho  aa-yaa-tay  he                                                              Lay  in-naa-say  la-ul-la  hoom  yaut-ta-qoo-n

 

Allowed for you are the nights of fasts for                                                                          The approach to your wives.                                                                                                    They are a cover for you                                                                                                              And you are a cover for them.

Allah knew that you all men                                                                                                      Have been unfair to yourselves.                                                                                              So, He turned to you with forgiveness and excused you.

So, now on consort with them (wives)                                                                               And seek what Allah has ordained for you.                                                                  And eat and drink until becomes very clear to you                                                     The white thread from the dark thread                                                                                From the early dawn.  

Then complete the fast till night.                                                                                        And do not approach them
And you are devotees in the mosques.   

These are the limits set by Allah. So, do not come near them.
This is how Allah clearly explains His signs                                                                  For the people so that they become pious.

 

  • اُحِلَّ — O-hil-la — Allowed (= v., pass., past., 3rd person. Accepted; allowed; approved;  authorized; legalized; licensed; permitted; made lawful.  Also, declared appropriate, kosher or proper)
  • لَ — La — For (= For the benefit, object or purpose of; intended for;  concerning, regarding; relative to)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men)
  • لَيۡلَةَ — Lai-la-ta … (us) — Night (= s., Absence of sunlight; the opposite of a sunlit day; period of darkness between a sunset and next sunrise)
  • الصِّيَامِ — Say-yaa-may … (ir) — Fasts (= n., pl., Fasts; month or period of fasting.  Some details are given in several of our Commentaries on Fasting)
  • الرَّفَثُ — Ra-fa-tho — Approach (= Conjugal relations; consort; getting close to; having intimacies and relationships with wives; lying down.  Some translations using more explicit terms to describe the normal and natural husband/wife relations are left out as inappropriate verbiage.   A/t/a The conversation,   language, speech, talk, words spoken aloud or gestured that out of the domestic privacy are foul, immodest, lewd, loose, obscene, sex-oriented insinuations or in  any other way reflective of unacceptable nature or wickedness)
  • اِلَى — Aiy-laa — To (= For; in the direction of; till; to; towards; until)
  • نِسَآءِ — Nay-saa-aiy — Women (= Wives. Literal meanings include girls or females of the mankind; women folk)
  • کُمۡ — Koom —  Your (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men)
  • هُنَّ — Hoon-na — They (= pro., pl., f., 3rd person. Them women, i.e., the wives)
  • لِبَاسٌ — Lay-baa-soon — A cover (= n., Cover up of matrimonial relationship. Clothing,  covering, dress; garment. See Note 003:072)
  • لَّ — La — For —  (= For the attention, benefit or purpose of. See  لَ  above)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men)
  • وَ — Wa– And (= Conj., It links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  •  اَنۡـتُمۡ — Aun-toom — You men (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men)
  • لِبَاسٌ — Lay-baa-soon — Cover (= Clothing; dress. See لِبَاسٌ  above)
  • لَّ — La — For (= For the attention, benefit, or purpose of. See  لَ  above)
  • هُنَّ — Hoon-na — They  (= pro., pl., f., 3rd person. Them women, i.e., the wives)
  • عَلِمَ — Aa-lay-ma … (ul) — Knew (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Was aware, had info and knowledge; in the know)
  • اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
  • اَنَّ — Aun-na — Certainly (= Absolutely; definitely; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed;  positively; really; seriously; surely; truly; verily)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
  • كُنۡ — Koon — Have been (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. Were in the past and have been continuing to go on in the future)
  • تُمۡ — Toom — You (= The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly.   Both the words  کُمۡ  and  تُمۡ  mean ‘you’ and are placed in a construction that expresses that ‘you and very much it is you all who.’  See our Commentary “2 Pronouns referring to the same person when combined create extreme emphasis“)
  • تَخۡتَانُوۡنَ — Taukh-taa-noo-na — Unfair (= v., pre., pl., 3rd person. Acting unjustly; doing injustice.  Treating harshly,  sternly or severely. Were unjust. See Note 002:188a below)
  • اَنۡفُسَ — Aun-fo-sa — Selves (= pl., 1. Hearts; individuals; minds; persons; souls.  2. Fellows; folks; followers; individuals; people.  3.  Brethren; countrymen; kinsman; nation; tribes)
  • کُمۡ —  Koom  — You   (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men)
  • فَ — Fa — So (= After all this; at the end; consequently; hence; then; thus
  • تَا بَ — Taa-ba — He turned (= v., past., s., m., 3rd person. As God’ act, the word means  that He attended, moved, turned and forgave mercifully with His generosity, kindness and compassion. See also  002:038)
  • عَلَيۡ — Aa-lai — To (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; towards; upon)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., It links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • عَفَا — Aa-faa — He excused (= v., past., s., 3rd person., Absolved. Blotted out. Corrected errors. Effaced evil consequences. Excused faults. Exonerated. Forgave. Gave a pass. Looked the other way. Overlooked. Pardoned. Recovered. Relieved. Removed the burden of all doings, sins and wrongs)
  • عَنۡ — Aun– From (= About; concerning; regarding; relative to)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men)
  • فَ — Fa …  (ul) — So (= After all this; at the end; consequently; hence; then; thus)
  • لۡـــٰٔنَ — Aa-na — Now on (= Onwards from today)
  • بَاشِرُوۡ — Baa-shay-roo — Consort  (= Approach; associate; consort without compunction; have  contacts, intimacies, intimate relationship, interaction or relationships. Conjugal relations with wives; getting  close; go in; having intimacies and relationships; lying down. Some translators more than others have used explicit terms to describe the normal and natural relations  between a husband and wife but we have left them out. See below Note 002:188b)
  • هُنَّ — Hoon-na — Them (= pro., pl., f., 3rd person. Them women, refers to the wives
  • وَ — Wa … (ub) — And (= Conj., It links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • ابۡتَغُوۡا — Ub-ta-ghoo — Seek (= Have a go at; pursue; try for; want)
  • مَا — Maa — What (= All that; any time; at such time; whatever; whenever)
  • کَتَبَ — Ka-ta-ba … (ul) — Ordained (= v., past., s., 3rd person Conveyed, directed, eternalized, laid down, mandated, ordained, prescribed, put in the nature, recorded, revealed or wrote for you)
  • اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
  • لَ — La — For (= For the attention, benefit, or purpose of. See  لَ  above)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., It links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • كُلُوۡا — Ko-loo — You eat (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Chomp; consume; devour; feast  upon; gobble; gorge; gulp; have; munch; partake; scoff; swallow)
  • وَ — Wa … (ush) — And (= Conj., It links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • اشۡرَبُوۡا — Ush-ra-boo — You drink –(= Down, glug down, gulp, imbibe, lap up, sip, slurp, swallow or swig any thirst-quencher beverage)
  • حَتّٰى — Haut-ta — Until (= By the end of the period or term; till the time)
  • يَتَبَيَّنَ — Ya-ta-buy-ya-na — Becomes clear (= v., pres., s., 3rd person. Becomes crystal clear, distinct, distinguished, plain and obvious and well known; becomes manifest)
  • لَ — La — For (= For the attention, benefit, or purpose of. See  لَ  above)
  • كُمُ — Ko-mo … (ol) — You  (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men)
  • الۡخَـيۡطُ — Khai-to … (ol) — Thread (= Cord; fiber; line of cotton or wool; strand; streak; yarn)
  • الۡاَبۡيَضُ — Aub-ya-dzo — White of light  (= Ashen; colorless; pallid; pasty; sallow)
  • مِنَ — May-na … (ul — From — (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind of several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • الۡخَـيۡطِ — Khai-tay … (il) — Thread (= Cord; fiber; line of cotton or wool; strand; streak; yarn)
  • الۡاَسۡوَدِ — Aus-wa-day — Black (= Dark; dim; shady. Blackness of the night)
  • مِنَ — May-na … (ul) — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind of several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • الۡفَجۡرِ‌ — Fauj-ray — Early dawn (= n., Approaching dawn; break of the day; early morning; prior to or well before the sunrise; the coming dawn about one-and-one-half hour or so before the sun-rise)
  • ثُمَّ — Thoom-ma — Then (= After that; further more; subsequently; thereafter)
  • اَتِمُّوا — Aa-tim-moo … (s) — Complete  (= Accomplish; conclude to the end; fill; finish; fulfill;  observe)
  • الصِّيَامَ — Say-yaa-ma — The fasts (= n., pl., Fasts; month or period of fasting)
  • اِلٰٓى — Aiy-la … (ul) — To (= For; in the direction of; till; to; towards; until)
  • الَّيۡلِ — Lai-lay — The night (= n., s., Absence of sunlight; the opposite of a sunlit day;  period of darkness between the sunset and next sunrise
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., It links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • لَا — Laa — Do not (= Absolute denial; never; not at all; total negation)
  • تُبَاشِرُوۡ — To-baa-shay-roo — Approach (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Conjugal and intimate contacts, associate; consort; have interaction, relationships or intimacies. See  بَاشِرُوۡ  above)
  • هُنَّ — Hoon-na — They (= pro., pl., f., 3rd person. Them women, refers to the wives
  • وَ — Wa — While (= Conj., It links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • اَنۡـتُمۡ — Aun-toom — You are (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men)
  • عٰكِفُوۡنَ– Aa-kay-foo-na — Devotees  (= n., pl., Devotees in Aiy-te-qaaf.  Dedicated, devoted and sincere dwellers, entrants or residents who come for a  temporary stay to live, reside, remain or retire there as in a retreat or seclusion for meditation and prayers; enter, keep or stay in the mosque to worship Allah.  Worshipping.  See the Note 002:188c below)
  • فِى — Fee … (il) — In (= Inside a duration, event, period, time, place or situation)
  • الۡمَسٰجِدِ — Ma-saa-jid — Mosques (= n., pl., Houses or places of worship; places to prostrate by putting forehead on the ground; Temples)
  • تِلۡكَ — Til-ka — These are (= All the mentioned, stated or told)
  • حُدُوۡدُ — Ho-doo-do … (ol) — Limits (= n., pl., Bounds, boundaries; injunctions or prohibitions placed or prescribed; out of bound areas; perimeters; ousted areas; outskirts)
  • اللّٰهِ — Laa-hay — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
  • فَ — Fa — So  (= After all this; at the end; consequently; hence; then; thus)
  • لَا — Laa — Do not (= Absolute denial; never; not at all; total negation)
  • تَقۡرَبُو — Tauq-ra-boo — Come near (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Begin, commence or initiate; taking early, first and initial steps; come close to; draw, get or go near. Come close to. Get or go near)
  • هَا — Haa — That (= pro., s., f., 3rd person., Refers to aforesaid boundaries)
  • كَذٰلِكِ — Ka-zaa-lay-ka  — Like this (= Combines two words.  كَ  means ‘example, like, identical resembling, similar.’  ذٰلِكَ  means ‘all this right in here and refers to an aforesaid event, fact, person or statement.  The combination means ‘even so’, ‘so it will be’, ‘such is the way of Allah’, ‘the same way’, ‘that is how’, this way’
  • يُبَيِّنُ — Yo-buy-yay-n … (ol) — (= v., pres., s., 3r person. Clarifies; elaborates; espouses;  expounds; illustrates; informs; makes things crystal clear, obvious, plain and known well; sets limits for permissible activity)
  • اللّٰهُ — Laa-ho– Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
  • اٰيٰتِ — Aa-ya-tay — Signs (= n., pl of … An argument, corroboration, indication, insinuation, pointer, portent, sign, suggestion, symbol or token. See Note 002:074)
  • هٖ — He — His (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the Almighty God)
  • ل — Lay … (in) — For (= For the attention, benefit, or purpose of. See  لَ  above)
  • لنَّاسِ — Naa-say — The people (= Factions; folks, mankind, groups, men, nations or tribes Human beings)
  • لَعَلَّ — La-ul-la– So that (= Haply; hopefully; perchance; possibly; hope and wish  that it becomes; maybe; wishing a result to be)
  • ھُمۡ‌ — Hoom — They (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘people’)
  • يَتَّقُوۡنَ‏ — Yaut-ta-qoo-n — Become pious (= v., pres., pl., 3r person. ‘Avoid angering Allah,’ ‘act piously and righteously,’ ‘become God-fearing, and righteous,’ ‘become pious,’ ‘clean inner self,’ ‘do duty to God,’ ‘guard against or ward off evil’ or ‘secure yourself against evil’. See Commentary  Commentary The Righteous)

 

* Note 002:188a.  The words تَخۡتَانُوۡنَ اَنۡفُسَکُمۡ  have been translated poles apart.    The actions of fasting Moslems stated in this verse were done before it came to set them right.    Individually the actions differed a great deal from person to person as one deemed them fit.    Collectively all that they did was ‘acting unjustly’ [Maliik Ghulam Farid] against themselves.    They are stated in the historical context and no one must judge the faith of their practitioners.    Some believers will still practice some of them in future but must remember the prohibition.    Any reader can decide for himself when he picks either extreme or stay in the middle course.    But we know now what is appropriate going forward since after this revelation came down.    Following are some of the actions stated in the Ahaadeeth that this verse had ended.

  • Inappropriate is to literally translate these words as the ‘betraying, deceiving or being dishonest’ or “Used to do secretly among yourselves” as done in some translations. [A Yusuf Ali and Dr Al-Hilali and Dr Khan]
  • Some Believers fasted for more than dawn-to-evening duration.   Some abstained from conjugal relations with their wives throughout the fasting month.    Some imposed on themselves other unnecessary restriction in the non-fasting periods.    Commandment here directed them to establish a good balance between all their needs.    The spiritual worships, all human needs and the worldly relationships go hand in hand.    That is why the Almighty God provided for all three human innate instincts in this verse.    After the eating and drinking, the interest in opposite sex is third natural urge of humans.    llah Almighty clarified that Moslems must not suppress the human needs unnaturally.
  • Out sole goal is to provide a non-controversial simple straightforward translation of the Holy Qor-aan.   The clergy of nearly every sect has produced rules under this verse for its loyal followers.    And there is a large number of sects who all claim that only they are the true Moslems.    Our Commentaries Sect Formation and Sect Recognition show that aspect of many sects.    It is neither expedient nor feasible to provide an exhaustive   info on all that rule-making.    So whoever needs to know of a rule must first pin-point the sect whose rules are sought.    Examples include fasting until the ‘night’ which starts by ‘sunset’ or when ‘it becomes dark.’    Or, using toothpaste in brushing teeth or ‘fasting in travel’ or ‘travelling in fast’, etc.

 

** Note 002:188b.   Some translations have bracketed together all three actions of eating, drinking and conjugal rights.    Tied together to one limit the three actions must be stopped when the dawn has finally appeared.    Such tight and narrow translations are done by the likes of M M Pickthall, Yusuf Ali and others.    Others stopped only the eating and drinking at the appearance of the dawn and left the third out.    They prohibited the third action of conjugal relationship only when a worshiper is in the mosque.    They implied that some actions less than marital intimacies are permissible during other periods.    This broad and lenient translation is supported in a plain reading of of the Holy Qor-aan’s text.    It is also reflected in some actions of the Holy Prophets s.a.w

  1. The punctuation mark between الصِّيَامَ اِلَى الَّيۡلِ‌ and وَلَا تُبَاشِرُوۡهُنَّ  clearly separates two acts.    First is to complete the fast till the evening after eating and drinking has been stopped.    Second is not to consort with spouses when one retires to the mosques to worship Allah.
  2. Ahadeeth like #149 in Chapter 23 and #150 in Chapter 24, Vol III of Sahih Al-Bukhari show the use of similar words but translated as ‘kissing’ or ’embracing’ some of his wives done by the Holy Prophets a.w while fasting.

 

*** Note 002:188c.   Only some translations have narrowed down the meanings of the word  عٰكِفُوۡنَ  and limited it to only the act of Aiy-te-qaaf and explained it as the “Confining oneself in a mosque for payers and invocations and leaving the worldly activities [Dr Al-Hilali and Dr Khan].    Most others extend the Prohibition to whoever enters the mosques for even a temporary stay to dwell, live, reside, remain or retire as a devout, dedicated, devoted person in seclusion for the serious and sincere meditation, prayers to and worships of Allah.

Posted in Commands - Humanism, Commentary and Notes, One God with 99 names, Qor-aan's Translation - verse #, Shariah Law | Tagged , , , , , , , | Leave a comment

002:187

Posted on February 9, 2016 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                               002:187

 

وَاِذَا سَاَلَـكَ عِبَادِىۡ عَنِّىۡ فَاِنِّىۡ قَرِيۡبٌؕ اُجِيۡبُ دَعۡوَةَ الدَّاعِ اِذَا دَعَانِ فَلۡيَسۡتَجِيۡبُوۡا لِىۡ وَلۡيُؤۡمِنُوۡا بِىۡ لَعَلَّهُمۡ يَرۡشُدُوۡنَ‏

 

Wa  aiy-zaa  sa-aa-la  ka  aiy-baa-dee  un-nee                                                                                Fa  in-nee  qa-re-boon                                                                                                                          O-jee-bo  dau-wa-ta  ud-da-aiy  aiy-zaa  da-aa-nay                                                                    Fa  ul-yaus-ta-jee-boo  lee  wa  ul-yoe-may-noo  bee                                                                      La-ul-la  hoom  yaur-sho-doo-n

 

And when My servants asked about Me                                                                      Then tell them I surely am very near.                                                                                  I answer the call of a caller when he calls Me.                                                                Therefore, they should listen to Me and Believe Me too                                               So that they can get on the right road.

 

  • وَ —   Wa  — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • اِ ذَ ا — Aiy-zaa — When (= Any time or event; when; whenever)
  • سَاَ لَ — Sa-aa-la — Asked (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Beseeched; demanded answer; enquired; requested; questioned)
  • كَ — Ka — You (= pro., s., m., 2nd person.  You single male.  The addressee  of this divine message is initially the Holy Prophet s.a.w and secondarily every Moslem, in fact every  human being. See Note 002:005)
  • عِبَادِ — Aiy-baa-d … (ee) — Servants (= pl., Believers who worship earnestly; bondsmen; obedient people; servants; slaves; supplicants;  worshipers and true believers who worship earnestly)
  • ىۡ — Ee — My  *  (= s., m / f; 1st person. Here referred to is Allah Almighty)
  • عَنۡ — Un — About (= Concerning; regarding; relative to)
  • ىۡ  — Ee  — Me  (= s., m / f; 1st person. Here referred to is Allah Almighty)
  • فَ —  Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thereafter; therefore; yet)
  • اِنّ — In-n …  (ee) — Surely (= Absolutely; certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; positively; really; seriously; truly; verily)
  • ىۡ — Ee — I (= s., m / f; 1st person. Here referred to is Allah Almighty)
  • قَرِيبٌ — Qa-ree-boon — Near (= n., At a short distance, place or time, close, imminent, near and nigh)
  • اُجِيۡبُ — O-jee-bo — I answer (= v., pres., s., 1st person. I approve; listen; respond favorably. A/t/a, ‘Without any mediator or intercessor’)
  • دَعۡوَةَ — Dau-wa-ta … (ud) — Call (= n., Beseeching; imploring; invocation; petition; prayer; request; supplication. A/t/a, ‘the prayer’)
  • الدَّاعِ — Daa-aiy — Caller (= n., Beseecher; implorer; invoker; petitioner; praying;   requester; supplicant)
  • اِ ذَ ا — Aiy-zaa — When (= Any time or event; behold)
  • دَعَانِ — Da-aa-nay — He calls (= v., pres., s., 3rd person. Beseeches; implores; invokes; petitions; prays; requests;  supplicates.  ‘Earnestly, really or truly’ are the adjectives which are often added to the action of praying, but we believe that the Creator grants all prayers – even those which in the eyes of other men are asked defectively,  ineffectively, improperly inadequately or poorly)
  • فَ — Fa … (ul) — Therefore (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
  • لۡ — L — Certainly (= Absolutely; categorically definitely; doubtlessly; really  indeed; positively; seriously; surely; truly; verily)
  • يَسۡتَجِيۡبُوۡا — Yaus-ta-jee-boo — They listen (= v., pres., pl., 3rd person. Answer; attend; hearken to Me; respond; turn.  Let them answer My call and obey Me)
  • لِ — L … (ee) — For (= Attend; for the benefit, object, purpose or reason of;  intended for; concerning, regarding; relative to)
  • ىۡ — Ee —  Me (= s., m / f; 1st person. Here referred to is Allah Almighty)
  • وَ — Wa … (ul) — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • لۡ — L — Certainly (= Absolutely; categorically definitely; doubtlessly; really  indeed; positively; seriously; surely; truly; verily)
  • يُؤۡمِنُوۡا — Yoe-may-noo — They believe (= v., pres., pl., 3rd person. Believe in the Holy Qor-aan; become Moslem; enter Iss-laam. See Commentary Believe and Disbelieve)
  • بِ — Bay —  With (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally means ‘with’ in English
  • ىۡ — Ee — Me (= s., m / f; 1st person. Here referred to is Allah Almighty)
  • لَعَلَّ — La-ul-la — So that — (= Gave chance; haply; hopefully; perchance; possibly;  hope and wish that it becomes; wishing a result to be)
  • ھُمۡ‌ — Hoom –They (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to aforesaid ‘requesters’)
  • يَرۡشُدُوۡنَ‏ — Yaur-sho-doo-n — Take right road (= v., pres., pl., 3rd person. Choose, find, put, select, set, take or walk on the correct course, proper path or right road)

 

* Note 002:187.   Five times in one verse the Almighty God has described Himself in the 1st person and ready to help.  This indicates in the strongest possible terms that He always takes the call of a caller who calls Him.  No one else anywhere is so readily available and so capable of helping a needy who needs any help.  No one in need can ever really say that he had no friend for God indeed is the Friend that we need. The give-and-take stated at the end of the verse is so very little and within an easy reach of all men. All that remains is that we turn to Him and ask Him, even what may appear impossible to others. He has assured of a guaranteed acceptance of a call for help and show him the right road who asks. This verse shows how He grants prayers:                                                                                                                  “I am here to help my servants.                                                                                                             I respond immediately.    My response is imminent.                                                                       My help is available readily to all the requesters who may ever request.                                 My grant is always far better than what I am asked because I know what is best for the requester.”

 

Posted in Commands - Humanism, Commentary and Notes, Qor-aan. Prayers in, Qor-aan's Translation - verse # | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

002:186

Posted on February 8, 2016 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                                   002:186

 

شَهۡرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِىۡٓ اُنۡزِلَ فِيۡهِ الۡقُرۡاٰنُ هُدًى لِّلنَّاسِ وَ بَيِّنٰتٍ مِّنَ الۡهُدٰى وَالۡفُرۡقَانِۚ  فَمَنۡ شَهِدَ مِنۡكُمُ الشَّهۡرَ فَلۡيَـصُمۡهُ ؕ  وَمَنۡ کَانَ مَرِيۡضًا اَوۡ عَلٰى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنۡ اَيَّامٍ اُخَرَؕ  يُرِيۡدُ اللّٰهُ بِکُمُ الۡيُسۡرَ وَلَا يُرِيۡدُ بِکُمُ الۡعُسۡرَ وَلِتُکۡمِلُوا الۡعِدَّةَ وَلِتُکَبِّرُوا اللّٰهَ عَلٰى مَا هَدٰٮكُمۡ وَلَعَلَّکُمۡ تَشۡكُرُوۡنَ

 

Sha-ro-ra-ma-dzaa-nul-la-zee-oon-zay-la-fee-hil-qor-aa-no                                                 Ho-dun-lin-naa-say-wa-buy-yay-naa-tin-may-nul-ho-daa-wul-foor-qaa-nay                   Fa-mun-sha-hay-da-min-ko-moosh-shah-ra-ful-ya-thoom-ho                                               Wa-mun-kaa-na-ma-ree-dzun-auo-alaa-sa-fa-rin                                                                   Fa-id-da-toon-min-auy-yaa-min-o-khur                                                                                       Yo-ree-dool-laa-ho-bay-ko-mool-yoos-ra                                                                                  Wa-la-yo-ree-do-bay-ko-mool-oos-ra                                                                                           Wa-lay-took-may-lool-id-da-ta                                                                                                      Wa-lay-to-kub-bay-rool-laa-ha-alaa-maa-ha-daa-koom                                                            Wa-la-ul-la-koom-tush-ko-roo-n.

             

The month of Ramadzan is in which the Qor-aan was entrusted as                      Guidance for the people and clear signs from the guidance and the Criterion. So whoever among you witnesses the month should then fast in it                      And if you have been sick or on a journey                                                                      Then the count of the number should be done in later days.                                    Allah wills ease for you.                                                                                                      And He wills no hardship for you.                                                                                  And so that you complete the count                                                                                   And so that you extol Allah for He had guided you                                                         And so that you be grateful.

 

  • شَهۡرُ — Shah-ro — Month (= Calendar month consisting of 28 to 31 days that varies in the solar and lunar calendars)
  • رَمَضَانَ — Ra-ma-dzaa-na..(ul) — Ramadzan (= Name of month in the Moslem Hijri Calendar year)
  • الَّذِىۡ –La-zee — Which (= s., m., 3rd person article, thing or person; who; which)
  • اُنۡزِلَ — Oon-zay-la — Entrusted **  (= v., past., pass., s., 3rd person. Dispatched, given, granted, inspired; revealed. Handed, laid, lowered, revealed or sent down. Also, delivered; landed; provided; released; supplied. ** See Note 002:005a)
  • فِىۡ — Fee — In (= Inside a duration, event, time, place, period or thing.  Comprised in it)
  • هِ — Hay…(il) — It (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Ref to the month of Ramadzan)
  • الۡقُرۡاٰنُ — Qor-aa-no — Qor-aan (= The Book to be read again and again, repeatedly. See Commentaries titled The Holy Qor-aan, The Most Read Book In The World and The Holy Qor-aan is no joke’)
  • هُدًى — Ho-dun — The guidance   (= n., Direction to the best way, correct course; linier lines; proper path or right road; knowledge as to what is appropriate)
  • لِّ — L…(in) — For (= For the attention, benefit, object, purpose or reason of; intended for; concerning, regarding; relative to)
  • لنَّاسِ — Naa-say — The people (= Factions; folks, mankind, groups, men, nations or tribes. Human beings)
  • وَ  — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but;  also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • بَيِّنٰتٍ — Buy-yay-naa-tin — Clear Signs  (= pl., Clear, convincing, irrefutable, manifest, veritable and sure arguments, corroborations, evidences, proofs, portents, signs and testimonies of Truth)
  • مِنَ — May-na..(ul) — From (= Among or out of the several in a class, category or kind of articles, choices, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • الۡهُدٰٓى — Ho-daa —  Guidance (= n., Knowledge about what is appropriate. Direction to  the best way, correct course; proper path or right road)
  • وَ — Wa…(ul) — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • الۡفُرۡقَانِ — Foor-qaan — The Criterion (= Argument. Book. Clear proof. Code. Criteria.  Differentiation. Discrimination. Distinction. Judgment. The divine signs, ability given to humans, instrument, knowledge, means, methods or ways to adjudge, decide,  differentiate, discriminate, distinguish, know, judge or see the good from the bad, the right from the wrong and  the truth from the falsehood)
  • فَ — Fa — So (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
  • مَنۡ — Mun — Whoever (= Anyone; who; whom; whomever; whoso)
  • شَهِدَ — Sha-hay-da — Witnesses (= v., Comes across, evidences, finds, observes, sees or witnesses.  A/t/a “Is present being stationary in his own home and in good health (Several Translations) and  “Sights (the crescent on the first night of) the month”)
  • مِنۡ — Min — From — (= Among or out of the several in a class, category or kind of articles, choices, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • كُمُ — Ko-mo..(osh) — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
  • الشَّهۡرَ — Shah-ra — Month (= Calendar month consisting of 28 to 31 days that varies in the solar and lunar calendars)
  • فَ — Fa…(ul) — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
  • لۡ — L — Certainly (= Absolutely; categorically definitely; doubtlessly; really indeed; positively; seriously; surely; truly; verily)
  • يَـصُمۡ — Ya-soom — Fast (= v, Keep fast; observe fasting; made obligatory)
  • هُ — Ho — It (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Ref to month of Ramadzan)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • مَنۡ — Mun — Whoever (= Anyone; who; whom; whomever; whoso)
  • كَانَ — Kaa-na — Has been ( =v., 3rd person. Used to.  Conveys continuation from the past to the present and leading into the future – like ‘continued doing’ or ‘went on doing’)
  • مَّرِيۡضًا — Ma-ree-dzun — Sick (= Ailing; disabled; handicapped; ill; infirm; patient.  A/t/a., “Not being permanently incapacitated”, “Temporarily sick”)
  • اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution)
  • عَلَى — Alaa — On (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
  • سَفَرٍ — Sa-fa-rin — A journey  *  (= Going from one place to another distant one; travel)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
  • عِدَّةٌ — Idda-toon — The count (= Reckoning on corresponding number of days; the completion or making up of the similar number)
  • مِّنۡ — Min — From — (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind of several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • اَيَّامٍ — Auy-yaa-min — Days (= pl., End of several periods, terms or times; junctures)
  • اُخَر — O-khur — Later (= Other; yet to come)
  • يُرِيۡدُ — Yo-ree-do(ol) — He Wills (= v., pres., s., m., 3rd person. With no possibility to fail in His designs and with all Power to finalize that He wills, the best translation is He wills. See Note 002:186 below)
  • اللّٰهُ –Laa-ho — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
  • بِ — Bay — With (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally means ‘with’ in English
  • کُمُ — Ko-mo…(ol) — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. Your. See  كُمُ  above)
  • الۡيُسۡرَ — Yoos-ra — Ease (= n., Comfort; facility; well-being)
  • وَ — Wa– And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • لَا — Laa — Not (= Absolutely not; never; no; none at all)
  • يُرِيۡدُ — Yo-ree-do — Wills (= v., pres., s., 3rd person. See يُرِيۡدُ  above & Note 002:186)
  • بِ — Bay — With (= The Arabic word  بِ  literally means ‘with’ in English
  • کُمُ — Ko-mo…(ol)– You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. Your. See  كُمُ  above)
  • الۡعُسۡرَ — Oos-ra — Hardship (= n., Adversity; affliction; difficult periods; difficult life full of adverse circumstances and hardship; difficulty; discomfort; distress; hard times; misery; state of being  in distress; uncomfortable situation. The opposite of  the easy life full of facilities). “Allah has granted you the facility so that you should encounter no hardship in completing the reckoning“)                                                      
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • لِ — Lay — So that (= For the attention, benefit, purpose or reason of. With intent to. With the object of. Because I have ordained)
  • تُکۡمِلُوا — Took-may-loo — Complete (= v., Fill; finish; fulfill)
  • الۡعِدَّةَ — Id-da-ta — The count — (= Completing and making up the number; period)
  • وَ —  Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)
  • لِ — Lay — So that (= For the attention, benefit, purpose or reason of. With intent to. With the object of.  Because I have ordained)
  •  لِتُکَبِّرُوا  — To-kub-bay-ro(ol) — Extol (= Exalt; glorify; proclaim greatness. A/t/a “Magnify” or” “Say Takbir Allahu Akbar; Allah is the Most Great”)
  • اللّٰهَ — Laa-ha –Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
  • عَلٰى — Alaa —  For  (= Above; against; before; for; on; on top of; over; upon)
  • مَاۤ  — Maa  —  All that (= What; whatever; whatsoever. Any time; whenever)
  • هَدٰٮ — Ha-daa — Guided (= Put on proper path; set on right road)
  • کُمۡ — Koom —  You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. Your. See  كُمُ  above)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ  above)

The next three (3)words mark the end of verses 002;186, 003:124, 005:007

  • لَعَلَّ —  La-ul-la — So that (= Gave chance; haply; hopefully; perchance; possibly; the hope and wish that it becomes; wishing a result to be; peradventure)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You  (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. Your. See  كُمُ  above)
  • تَشۡكُرُوۡنَ — Tush-ko-roo-n  — You be grateful (= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. Acknowledge with asserted, repeated, insistent and tremendous feelings of being grateful. Appreciate. Express gratitude. Render thanks. Give recognition. The word tells to keep in mind the two important factors that invoke deep appreciation, a) the physical facility or concessions that are given, and b) the spiritual benefits that are continually bestowed. Both these factors are so intertwined that nobody really can hold one of them above the other)

 

** Note 002:186. The word  يُرِيۡدُ  (yo-ree-do) is a verb in the present tense for a single male in 3rd person. Its past tense is the  word  اَرَادَ   (araa-da). They are derived from the root   ا    ر  د   which carries the meanings of an act done with a determined mind. Translating the verb يُرِيۡدُ accurately depends upon whether its doer is (a) Allah, (b) some human being or (c) Satan.

Relative to Allah with no possibility to fail in implementing His designs and having all power to finalize what He wills, the best translation may be with words such as adjudge, affirm, command, conclude, confirm, decide, decree, design, determine, enforce, finalize, intend, mandate, order, resolve or will. Examples are found in verses 002:186 (twice), 003:109, 003:177, 004:027, 004:028, 004:029, 005:002, 005:007 (twice), 005:050, etc.

Relative to man with a distinct possibility to never reach his planned goal, the translation can be with words such as aim, aspire, choose, conform, covet, crave, desire, go after, hanker, like, long, plan, pursue, scheme, seek, wish, want or yearn. Examples are found in verses like 003:153 (twice), 004:028, 004:036, 004:135, etc.

Relative to Satan or devil with the perpetual pursuit to harm man by misleading him into disobeying his Creator, the translation is best when done with words like aim, aspire, determined, intend, pursue and shoot for. Examples are in verse 004:061, 005:092, etc.

 

 

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002:185

Posted on February 7, 2016 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                             002:185

 

اَيَّامًا مَّعۡدُوۡدٰتٍؕ فَمَنۡ كَانَ مِنۡكُمۡ مَّرِيۡضًا اَوۡ عَلٰى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنۡ اَيَّامٍ اُخَرَ‌ؕ وَعَلَى الَّذِيۡنَ يُطِيۡقُوۡنَهٗ فِدۡيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسۡكِيۡنٍؕ فَمَنۡ تَطَوَّعَ خَيۡرًا فَهُوَ خَيۡرٌ لَّهٗ ؕ وَاَنۡ تَصُوۡمُوۡا خَيۡرٌ لَّـکُمۡ اِنۡ كُنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ‏

 

Auy-yaa-mum-mau-do-daat–fa-mun-kaa-na-min-koom                                                      Ma-ree-dzun-auo-alaa-sa-fa-rin-fa-idd-toon-min-auy-yaa-min-o-khur                              Wa-alul-la–zee-na-yo-tee-qoo-na-hoo-fid-ya-toon-ta-aa-mo-mis-keen                                 Fa-mun-ta-tuw-wa-aa-fa-ho-wa-khai-roon-la-hoo                                                                 Wa-un-ta-soo-moo-khai-u-run-la-koom-in-koon-toom-tau-la-moo-n.

 

Counted number of days they are. Then whoever among you has been                 Sick or on a journey then the counting is in days to come.                                         And on those who can afford, the expiation is feeding a poor.                                  So whoever follows the good voluntarily, then it is better for him.                  And that you fast is better for you if you know.

 

  • اَيَّامًا — Auy-yaa-mun  — Days (= pl., End of several periods, terms or times; junctures)
  • مَّعۡدُوۡدٰتٍ — Mau-do-daat — Counted (= Appointed; certain; designated; enumerated; fixed; numbered; specified number; prescribed)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
  • مَنۡ — Mun — Whoever (= Anyone; who; whom; whomever; whoso)
  • كَانَ — Kaa-na — Has been ( =v., 3rd person. Used to. Conveys continuation. This verb and its 14 grammatical variations indicate an act’s  continuity from the past to the present and leading into the future – like ‘continued doing’ or ‘went on doing’)
  • مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind of several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
  • مَّرِيۡضًا — Ma-ree-dzun — Sick (= Ailing; disabled; handicapped; ill; infirm; patient. “Not being permanently incapacitated” or “Temporarily sick”)
  • اَوۡ — Auo — Or (= Alternatively; in substitution)
  • عَلٰى — Alaa — On (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
  • سَفَرٍ —  Sa-fa-rin — A journey  *   (= Going from one place to another distant one; travel)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
  •  عِدَّةٌ — Idda-toon –The count (= Reckoning on corresponding number of days; the completion or making up of the similar number)
  • مِّنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind of several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • اَيَّامٍ — Auy-yaa-min — Days (= pl., End of several periods, terms or times; juncture)
  • اُخَر — O-khur –Later (= Other; yet to come)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but;  also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • عَلَى — Alul — On (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
  • ٱلَّذِينَ — La-zee-na –Who (= Reference is to ‘all those men’, masculine gender’)
  • يُطِيۡقُوۡنَ — Yo-te-qoo-na — Can afford  (= Find fasting difficult, extremely hard, non-practicable; too weak to fast or causing danger to health or even life. Unable to bear the hardship of.hunger, strain or thirst)
  • هٗ — Hoo — It  (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the act of fasting’)
  • فِدۡيَةٌ — Fid-ya-toon — Expiation (= Compensation; make up; make amends; pay; payment; ransom; redemption; redress. Also, apology)
  • طَعَامُ –Ta-aa-mo — Feeding (= n., Providing eatables, food or subsistence; furnishing provision. Giving or serving as food.
  • مِسۡكِيۡنٍ — Mis-keen — One Poor  *  (= A have-not; destitute; helpless; impoverished; needy;  indigent; poor; wretched)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; hence; so; thus; thereafter; therefore; yet)
  • مَنۡ — Mun — Whoever — (= Anyone; who; whom; whomever; whoso)
  • تَطَوَّعَ —  Ta-tuw-wa-aa — Follows (= Carries out instructions of his own accord; complies with directions on his own; follows voluntarily; goes beyond what is obligatory or prescribed. A/t/a Obeys of his own accord, spontaneously or voluntarily feeds more than the minimum requirement of ‘one’)
  • خَيۡرًا — Khai-run — The good (= 1.  Appreciable, happy or pleasant acts, deeds, things, persons or occasions.   2.  Comparatively superior; of greater, higher or more value.   3.  At apex; best; noblest; on top.   4.  A thing that gets better and holds prospects of a better and improved prize)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
  • هُو — Ho-wa — It (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to act of obedience)
  • خَيۡرٌ — Khai-roon — Better (= 1. Appreciable, happy or pleasant acts, deeds, things, persons or occasions.   2.  Comparatively superior; of greater, higher or more value.   3.  At apex; best; noblest; on top.   4.  A things that get better and holds prospects of a better and improved prize)
  • لَّ — La — For (= For the attention, benefit, object, purpose or reason of)
  • هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the one who fasts)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but;  also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • اَنۡ — Un — That (= Since; so that; for the purpose)
  • تَصُوۡمُوۡا — Ta-soo-moo — You fast (= See our Commentaries 5 Acts of worships and Fasting)
  • خَيۡرٌ — Khai-roon — Better (= Comparatively superior; good; of greater, higher or  more value)
  • لَّ — La — For (= For the attention, benefit, object, purpose or reason of)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You. The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
  • اِنِ — In — If (= If situation arises; in case; under the circumstances)
  • كُنۡ — Koon —  Have been       (= Conveys continuity from the past and going into future)
  • تُمۡ — Toom — You (= pl., m., 2nd person. You men. See تُمۡ above)
  • تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ — Tau-la-moon –You know(= v., pres., pl., 2nd person. You are in the know of it; become aware; come to know; get informed; turn into knowing  A/t/a, “If you knew, you would realize‘)

* Note 002:185.  The vowel of double (Tun-ween) generally refers to ‘only one’ of the things mentioned.  This rule of grammar shows this verse lay down the following.

  1. Complete the number of fasting days later if a believer is in journey for even ‘one’ But the Bokhari collection of Ahaadeeth has reported [30:43] that the people had fasted when “on a journey with the Prophet” s.a.w. [Muhammad Ali].
  1. Feed ‘one’ indigent if a believer experiences hardship. Voluntarily feeding more than one is permissible and considered better.
  1. “Those who can fast with difficulty (e.g. an old man) they have (a choice either to fast or) feed a poor person (for every day.)” [Dr Khan and Dr Al-Hilali]
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002:184

Posted on February 6, 2016 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                        002:184

 

  يٰٓـاَيُّهَا الَّذِيۡنَ اٰمَنُوۡا كُتِبَ عَلَيۡکُمُ الصِّيَامُ کَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَّذِيۡنَ مِنۡ قَبۡلِکُمۡ لَعَلَّكُمۡ تَتَّقُوۡنَۙ‏

 

Yaa-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo                                                                                         Ko-tay-ba-alai-ko-moos-say-yaa-mo                                                                                             Ka-maa-ko-tay-ba-aa-lul-la-zee-na-min-qub-lay-koom                                                               La-ul-la-koom-tuut-ta-qoo-n.

 

Listen, you all who have believed!                                                                                          Made binding on you is the Fasting                                                                                     Like it was prescribed for those before you                                                                     So that you can become pious.

The Holy Qor-aan has used the Phrase Yaa-auy-yo-hul-la-zee-na-aa-ma-noo many times

  • يٰۤ — Yaa — Listen (= Be attentive; hearken; pay attention; O!)
  • اَيُّهَا — Auy-yo-ha(ul) — You all (= All addressees; entire audience; whole lot of listeners)
  • ٱلَّذِينَ — Ul-la-zee-na — Those who (= pl., m, 3rd person. Those articles, things or persons
  • اٰمَنُوۡۤ — Aa-ma-noo — They Believed (= v., past., pl., 3rd person. Believed in the Holy Qor-aan; became Moslems. Accepted, acknowledged, admitted or witnessed their entry in Iss-laam. See Commentaries like Islam – 101, Phrase Aa-ma-noo-wa-aa-may-loos … and Believe and Disbelieve that floodlight other aspects how the Holy Qor-aan has used this word)
  • كُتِبَ — Ko-tay-ba — Made binding(= v., passive. 1. Authentic penned down material in black   and white that is decreed to be a part of a religion.   2.  The part of the divine Commands and Prohibitions, directions, rules and regulations revealed, sanctioned, codified, written and added to a Spiritual Code.   3. Allowed, approved, authorized, bid, bounded to follow, commanded, conveyed, decreed, directed, enjoined, eternalized, laid down, legalized, made binding, made obligatory; mandated, ordered, ordained, permitted, prescribed or recorded as the Do’s and Don’ts that hold good eternally and made operative  universally as the Rules of Universal Application for the entire Mankind)
  • عَلَيۡ — Alai — On (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
  • کُمُ — Ko-mo…(os) — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person.   You.   The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
  • الصِّيَامُ — Say-yaa-mo — Fasting  *   (= One of the worships to willingly forego many of the otherwise lawful activities like eating, drinking, etc.)
  • كَ — Ka — Like (= Identical to; resembling; similar to)
  • مَا — Maa– That (= All that; because of’, ‘due to’, ‘for the reason’; what)
  • كُتِبَ — Ko-tay-ba — Prescribed (= Mandated, ordered, prescribed. See  كُتِبَ above)
  • عَلَى — Aa-la…(ul) — On / For (= Above; against; before; for; on; on top of; over; upon)
  • ٱلَّذِينَ — La-zee-na — Who (= pl., in 3rd person. ‘All those men’, masculine gender’)
  • مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind of several articles, things, persons or phenomenon)
  • قَبۡلِ — Qub-lay — Before (= Ahead of; antecedent; earlier than; former  or older times; occurred in prior period; previously; times gone by)
  • کُمۡ —  Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person.   You.   The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
  • لَعَلَّ — La-ul-la — So that (= Gave chance; haply; hopefully; perchance; possibly;  hope and wish that it becomes; wishing a result to be)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person.  You.  The Holy Qor-aan states this way when addressing both men and women jointly)
  • تَتَّقُوۡنَ — Tut-ta-qoo-n –You be pious   (= v., Avoid angering Allah, ‘act piously and righteously’, ‘become God-fearing, and righteous,’ ‘clean inner self, ‘develop self-restraint,’ ‘do duty to God’, ‘guard against or ward off evil.’’protect, rescue or save yourself,’ ‘ward off evil.’ ‘To safeguard against moral and spiritual ills.’ See our Commentary The Righteous)

 

* Note 002:184.   Fasting is one of the 5 Acts of Worships of Islam.    Fasting is a worship that was practiced before Islaam by Hindus, Jews, Christians and others.    Fasting as a physical activity is covered by the rules detailed in the verses 002:184 to 002:188.    Fasting is meant to be a month-long period for the real earnest worship of the Almighty God.    Fasting is to voluntarily leave the lawful acts of interest in opposite sex, eating and drinking.    Fasting is a worship which  increases self-restraint and boosts spiritual and temporal benefits.

All spiritual and temporal advantages quoted by saints and scholars really pale against a the words of the Almighty God that He Himself is the reward of one who fasts.

Translations have stated how fasting is not ‘self-torture’ [A Yusuf Ali].    Medical world has recorded health benefits of a prolonged under-eating for one month in a year.    Nations have built varying customs around their loud talks and sermons about this holy period.     Economists and social services applaud the benefits of generously donated charities this month.    Clergy has devoted this month to generate great income part which is spent in real good causes.    Moslems the world over, after fasting for a whole month, celebrate one holiday of great festivity.    Known as the Eid, it has set up traditions of biggest annual joy, new clothes and gift exchanges.    Sadly I recall a cartoon of a poor girl ask, “Mother, why does the Eid come to only rich kids?”

 

 

 

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002:183

Posted on February 5, 2016 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                                  002:183

 

فَمَنۡ خَافَ مِنۡ مُّوۡصٍ جَنَفًا اَوۡ اِثۡمًا فَاَصۡلَحَ بَيۡنَهُمۡ فَلَاۤ اِثۡمَ عَلَيۡهِؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ غَفُوۡرٌ رَّحِيۡمٌ‏

 

Fa-mun-khaa-fa-min-moo-sin-ja-na-fun-auo-ith-mun                                                               Fa-us-la-ha-bai-na-hoom-fa-laa-ith-ma-alai-hay                                                                       In-nul-laa-ha-gha-foo-roor-ra-heem      

 

Then who suspected a partiality or wrongdoing from a testator,                              Then reformed between them, then no wrong would be on his part.                  Allah indeed is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful

 

  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
  • مَنۡ — Mun — Who (= Anyone; whoever; whom; whomever; whoso)
  • خَافَ — Khaa-fa — Suspected (= Apprehended; dreaded; feared; felt worried; unhappily thought)
  • مِنۡ — Min –From (= From or out of the class, category, count or kind of acts)
  • مُّوۡصٍ — Moo-sin — Testator (= Maker of a bequest; will-maker)
  • جَنَفًا — Ja-na-fun — Partiality (= Excess; injustice; taking side of some to exclude some others from their fair share and lawful inheritance;  transgression; unjust clause or provision; wrong)
  • اَوۡ — Auo —  Or (= Alternatively; in substitution)
  • اِثۡمًا — Ith-mun — Wrong — (= Blame; crime; guilt; infraction; illegality; sin. Sinfully and unfairly depriving some heir as a consequence of such bequest, direction or will)
  • فَ — Fa — So (= Consequently; as a result; then; thus; therefore; yet)
  •  اَصۡلَحَ — Us-la-ha — Reformed (= v., past., s., 3rd person. Ameliorated; amended; bettered. Brought about healthy, corrected, enriched, improved, and mended ways. Reorganized. Revolutionized. Set things right. Settled down. Upgraded. Also, reformed  the Will so that it became fair and equitable)
  • بَيۡنَ — Bai-na — Between (= Betwixt; among)
  •  ھُمۡ‌– Hoom — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. The affected parties affected, the concerned individuals or the contesting claims to the inheritance or the will)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; therefore; yet)
  • لَا — Laa — No (= Absolute denial; never; not at all; total negation)
  • اِثۡمَ — Ith-ma — Wrong-doing   (= Blame; crime; guilt; infraction; illegality; sin)
  • عَلَى — Alai — On (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
  • هِ — Hay — Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Ref to ‘who makes the change’)
  • اِنَّ — In-n..(ul)  — Absolutely       (= Certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily)
  • اللّٰهَ — Laa-ha — Allah (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
  • غَفُوۡرٌ — Gha-foo-roon — Most Forgiver (= superlative form indicates the greatest, the highest, the most and highlights that none more than Him is The One Who excuses, overlooks and pardons)
  • رَّحِيۡمٌ‏ — Ra-heem — Most Merciful (= superlative form indicates the greatest, the highest, the most. and highlights that none more than Him shows mercy again and again, continually, incessantly and indefinitely like the endlessly and perpetually  incoming waves from the oceans; Merciful Forever)
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002:182

Posted on February 4, 2016 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                        002:182

 

فَمَنۡۢ بَدَّلَهٗ بَعۡدَ مَا سَمِعَهٗ فَاِنَّمَآ اِثۡمُهٗ عَلَى الَّذِيۡنَ يُبَدِّلُوۡنَهٗؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ سَمِيۡعٌ عَلِيۡمٌؕ‏           

 

Fa  maun  baud-da-la  hoo  bau-da  maa  sa-may-aa  hoo
Fa  in-na  maa  ith-mo  hoo
Aa-la  ul-la-ze-na  yo-baud-day-loo-na  hoo
In-na  ul-laa-ha  sa-mee-oon  aa-lee-m

 

So whoever changed him after what they heard from him
Then most certainly his sin for changing the Divine Order
Is on those who change him as to what he had said.
Allah surely is All-Hearing, All-Knowing 

 

  • فَ — Fa — So (= After all this; as a result; at the end; consequently; hence; in conclusion; resultantly; so; then; thereafter; therefore; thus; yet)
  • مَنۡ — Maun — Whoever (= Anyone; who; whom; whomever; whoso)
  • بَدَّ لَ — Baud-da-la — Changed (= v., past, m., 3rd person. Altered; exchanged; substituted; took one thing in lieu of another; varied the terms)
  • هٗ — Hoo — Him   *   (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to ‘the decedent who spoke out the terms of his will. See the Note below)
  • بَعۡدَ — Bau-da — After  (= Behind; later; subsequently)
  • مَا — Maa — What (= All that; whatever; whatsoever)
  • سَمِعَ — Sa-may-aa — Heard (= v., past., m., 3rd person. Attended. Heeded. Listened. Paid attention. Outside sound came into ears. We can’t understand why some authors in translating this word added the words physically and spiritually)
  • هٗ — Hoo — Him   *  (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘decedent’)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thus; See  فَ  above)
  • اِنَّمَا — In-na-maa — Most certainly (= Combination of two words. The first word اِنَّ (inna) means absolutely, definitely, doubtlessly, earnestly, indeed, positively, really, seriously, surely, truly or verily. The second word  مَاۤ  (maa) means all that, what; whatever. whatsoever. Thus  اِنَّمَا  (inna-maa) lays great emphasis on the statement that follows it as absolutely, positively and most certainly accurate’)
  • اِثۡمُ — Ith-mo — Sin (= n., Crime; guilt; infraction; illegality; iniquity; injustice; offence; sin; transgression; unjust conduct; wrong. Intentional / premeditated commission of a Prohibition. Blame, accountability or responsibility for an unlawful or unjustifiable conduct for any of the above acts)
  • هٗ — Hoo — That   *   (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘decedent’)
  • عَلَى — Aa-la … (ul) — On (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
  • ٱلَّذِينَ — Aul-la-ze-na — Those who (= Reference is to ‘all those men’ in masculine gender’)
  • يُبَدِّ لُوۡنَ — Yo-baud-day-loo-na — Change (= Alter; exchange; substitute. See بَدَّ لَ above)
  • هٗ — Hoo — That    *   (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘decedent’)
  • اِنَّ — In-na … (ul) — Absolutely (= Certainly; definitely; doubtlessly. See  اِنَّمَا  above)
  • اللّٰهَ — Laa-ha — Allah  (= The Almighty God; The only One worthy of worship)
  • سَمِيۡعٌ — Sa-mee-oon — All-Hearing (= n., superlative form indicates the greatest, the highest, the most and highlights that none hears more than Him All-Hearing. Most Hearing. The Hearer. The One Who never misses hearing anything. Who hears all, entirely, surely, totally, truly and wholly. Who hears all people all the time and very well. See 001:001)
  • عَلِيۡمٌ– Alee-m — All-Knowing (= superlative form indicates the greatest, the highest, the most, and highlights that none more than Him Knows. See Note 002:033. Also: Informed to the maximum. The One with total knowledge and nothing out of sight. Knows all. Most Knowledgeable. Well-Acquainted with and Well-Aware of. See Note 001:001)

* Note 002:182.  This verse has used the pronoun  هٗ  (Hoo) four times. Many including Muhammad Ali, NJ Dawood, Malik Ghulam Farid, AR Omar and M Pickthall have applied this pronoun to the will in their translations. But the following point to a different conclusion.

  1. The verse forbids any alteration by witnesses who heard him, the testator, who uttered his will when he neared and expected death. Only a human can hear and change what he heard. The will does not change itself.
  2. The verse relates to the word  اۨلۡوَصِيَّةُ  (aul-wa-se-ya-ta), the testator, and that is why the pronoun for a single masculine gender in 3rd person  هٗ  (hoo) is used. If it was  meant to refer to  اۨلۡوَصِيَّةُ  (aul-wa-se-ya-ta) which ends with  ة  (taa-e-taa-neeth), then the pronoun for single feminine gender in 3rd person, i.e., هَا (haa) would have been used.
  3.  The fact of hearing the testator and rules of Arabic grammar show that the pronoun هٗ  (hoo) refer to someone in the masculine gender and not to  اۨلۡوَصِيَّةُ  (aul-wa-se-ya-ta) with feminine gender. The pronoun  هٗ (hoo) in all four places in this verse refers to the testator who uttered his will and is thus best translated as ‘him’ and not otherwise.
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Law of Compensation, The Qay-saas

Posted on February 4, 2016 by Abid

LAW

Compensation (Compensatory payment = Qay-saas =قِصَاص )

The Sha-riah that most Moslems like to follow is well-known for a very sound legal theory. It is the Law of Compensatory Payment (called Qay-saas) for many murders or homicides.     The Jurists have narrowed the scope to only those deaths which occur with no intent to kill.    Present day life should cover most vehicular homicides, train wrecks and other accidents.    Courts might extend this law to cover deaths as collateral damage like invaders’ acts of war.    Rumors are that Pakistan was compensated for civilian deaths caused by the Drones of USA.   The Drones firing missiles to take out terrorists had obviously not intended to kill kids.

Qay-saas often called blood-money is the compensation or consideration a wrong-doer pays to the victim.   The idea is to restore some semblance of equality, equilibrium, equitable retaliation, justice, pay back, reckoning, redemption, reprisal, retribution, revenge, settlement, or vengeance for the loss caused by ta victim’s death.    The psychological and financial benefits of the wrong-doer compensating a victim’s heirs are enormous.

The verses 002:179 and 002:180 require paying the compensation when a loss of life has occurred.    They regulate why, when or where the system of compensatory payment is the good thing to pursue.    The Commandment clearly lays the law, procedure, propriety and gives reason for the concession.    The verse 002:195 also uses this word قِصَاص   (Qay-saa-s).    Stated above are the exact meanings.    The text uses the word الۡقَتۡلٰى  (Qut-laa) which applies to intentional or accidental deaths equally.    However, three important conditions have also been super-imposed to avoid any potential harm.    The first condition is that a freeman for a freeman, a slave for a slave and a woman for a woman.    It establishes the principle that the loss of victim’s life is to be avenged with that of the murderer.    The second condition mandates calculating compensation fairly and paying the same promptly.    The third condition forbids extending this concession to any transgressor and habitual offender.    It is the family of the victim who forgives [yet to be completed] that primarily is the beneficiary of this Command.

An academic debate still continues whether the Command gives the choice of retaliation by bloodshed.  Jurists have limited the pardoning and paying compensation to only unintended accidental losses of life.  The interpretations, extrapolations, restrictions and extensions of this are plentiful as translators have labeled it as the LAW of “Equality” [A Yusuf Ali], “Retaliation” [M Pickthall], “Retribution” [Ahmad Zidan] and “Equality in punishment” Dr Al-Hilali & Dr Khan] and of Fairness, Retaliation, Retribution for the wrong done to a victim.

The translations of the word اتِّبَاعٌۢ (It-tay-baa-oon = Follow-up) done by M M Pickthall is “prosecution.”    The explanation of the principle by NJ Dawood is that “He who is pardoned by his aggrieved brother shall be prosecuted according to the usage and shall pay him a liberal fine.”   The translators who follow that line of thinking have set up the following as the necessary steps to implement this Command.

  1. First step is the forgiveness by the aggrieved brother.
  2. Second step still is the prosecution of the defendant.
  3. Third step is the payment of the compensation by the defendant.
  4. Final step is the forfeiture of life of a defendant who fails to pay the compensation. Each translation has support its stand-point with several of the Ahaadeeth (= Quotes of the Holy Prophet s.a.w) from various collections of them.

Indeed the two-pronged obvious goal is to prevent the killer from getting away with the murder.    A pardon or forgiveness must accompany compensating the victim’s family at least financially.    But putting public time and money to prosecute a murderer in a trial mostly defeats that purpose.    In case of a conviction the authorities can’t permit forgiveness and waive criminal penalty imposed.    In case of an acquittal the offender could not be bothered to pay compensation even if he promised.    It is a serious matter and not a legal football for jurists to kick it round since The Qor-aan is No Joke.

The Shiites in Iran have evolved the system of compensatory payment to a new level.    A convict there can hire for cash compensation a substitute to take the lashes on his behalf after a judge has ordered punishment of lashing.    This modern innovation contradicts the precedent where the 3rd Caliph Omar-bin-Khuttab r.a personally executed the judgment of striking lashes on his son after his conviction for a moral wrong.

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