Arabic Grammar 3
2 Pronouns referring to the same person when combined create extreme emphasis And the same effect when one Pro & 1 Verb are joined together
The English grammar does not recognize a sentence combining the equivalent of two pronouns together. A construction like ‘He boy came’ or ‘She girl went’ is not acceptable in English – leave alone to use such an expression for creating an emphasis. Oddities like this make translating a foreign work difficult.
But the Arabic language has the unique feature to create extreme emphasis in following two ways.
1. Placing together two pronouns successively. Examples: كَ and اَنۡتَ 002:033) has an exact equivalent in English by saying ‘You and Only You.‘ And اِنَّهٗ هُوَ (= inna-hoo-ho-wa) (002:038) has an exact equivalent in English by saying ‘He and Only He.’
2. Placing after a pronoun a verb with one of its several variations that practically duplicates the prior pronoun. Examples: اَنۡتُم تَتۡلُوۡنَ (un-toom-tut-loona) (002:045) will in English be ‘You are the very people who read it.’ And اَنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ (un-toom-tau-la-moon) (002:023 and 002:043) will in English be “You are the very people who know full well.”
Following and many other examples in the Holy Qor-aan illustrate the above uniqueness of Arabic.
Examples of two pronouns combined
002:013
اِنَّ — In-na — Really (= Certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; positively; surely;
truly; verily)
هُمۡ — Hoom — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to ‘all those men’)
هُمُ — Ho-mo…(ol) — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to ‘all those men’)
الۡمُفۡسِدُوۡنَ — Mof-se-doon — Evil-doers (= Corrupters; corruption creators; disruption developers; Law-breakers; mischief mongers; spreaders of bad and evil)
** Note: The phrase اِنَّهُمۡ هُمُ الۡمُفۡسِدُوۡنَ (inna-hoom-ho-mool) consists of three words.
o The first word اِنَّ (= in-na) means “certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; positively; really; surely; truly, verily.”
o The second word هُمۡ (= hoom) is a pronoun (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 3rd person) referring to all those people.
o The third word هُمۡ (= hoom) is also a pronoun (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 3rd person) referring to all those people.
o A phrase duplicating two pronouns like هُمۡ after another هُمۡ lays a tremendous emphasis on the person highlighted. Thus اِنَّهُمۡ هُمُ الۡمُفۡسِدُوۡنَ (inna-hoom-ho-mool) means ‘Surely these very people are’ – as described – ‘the evil-doers, corrupters; corruption creators; disruption developers; law-breakers; mischief mongers; spreaders of bad and evil.’
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:014
اِنَّ — In-na — Really (= Certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; positively; surely;
Truly; verily)
هُمۡ — Hoom — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to ‘all those men’)
هُمُ — Ho-mo…(os) — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to ‘all those men’)
السُّفَهَآءُ — So-fa-haa-o –Fools (= Foolish; ignorant; retarded; silly; slow; stupid)
** Note: The phrase اِنَّهُمۡ هُمُ السُّفَهَآء (inna-ho-ho-moos) consists of three words.
o The first word اِنَّ (= in-na) means “certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; positively; really; surely; truly, verily.”
o The second word هُمۡ (= hoom) is a pronoun (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 3rd person) referring to all those people.
o The third word هُمۡ (= hoom) is also a pronoun (=pro., pl., m., addressees in 3rd person) referring to all those people.
o A phrase duplicating two pronouns like هُمۡ after another هُمۡ lays a tremendous emphasis on the person highlighted. Thus اِنَّهُمۡ هُمُ السُّفَهَآء (inna-ho-ho-moos) means ‘Surely these very people are’ – as described – ‘the Foolish’ in instant case.
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:033
اِنَّ — Inna — Definitely (= Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all
seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily)
كَ — Ka — You (= pro., s., male addressee in 2nd person)
اَنۡتَ — Un-ta — You (= pro., s., male addressee in 2nd person. The two
pronouns coming one after the other and referring to one
addressee in 2nd person are intended to lay extreme emphasis
and so the translation herein is ‘You and only You’)
** Note: The phrase إِنَّكَ أَنتَ (Inna-ka-un-ta) consists of three words.
o The first word اِنَّ (= inna) means “Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily.”
o The second word كَ (= ka) is a pronoun (= pro., s., m., addressee in 2nd person) that refers to you.
o The third word اَنۡتَ (= unta) is also a pronoun (= s., m., addressee in 2nd person) that refers to you.
o A phrase duplicating two pronouns like كَ and اَنۡتَ lays a tremendous emphasis on the person highlighted. Thus إِنَّكَ أَنتَ (= inna-ka-unta) means “You the One and the Only One and no one else like You” qualifies for the adjectives that follow this phrase.
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002-038
اِنَّ — Inna — Definitely (= Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all
seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily)
هٗ — Hoo — That (= pro., s., m., in 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid shown,
specified or stated article, thing or person)
هُوَ — Ho-wa..(l) — One he (= pro., s., m., in 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid shown,
specified or stated article, thing or person)
** Note: The phrase اِنَّهٗ هُوَ (inna-hoo-ho-wa) consists of three words.
o The first word اِنَّ (=inna) means “Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily.”
o The second word هٗ (=hoo) is a pronoun (pro., s., m., in 3rd person) that refers to an aforesaid shown, specified or stated article, thing or person.
o The third word هُو (= ho-wa) is also a pronoun (pro., s., m., in 3rd person) that refers to an aforesaid shown, specified or stated article, thing or person.
o A phrase duplicating two pronouns like هٗ and هُو lays a tremendous emphasis on the person highlighted. Thus اِنَّهٗ هُوَ (inna-hoo-ho-wa) means “He the One and the Only One and no one else like Him” qualifies for the description that follow this phrase
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
Examples of one pronoun followed by a verb that practically duplicates the prior pronoun
002:045
اَنۡ — Un — Surely (= Absolutely; certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; in all seriousness
indeed; positively; really; truly; verily)
تُمۡ — Toom — You all (= pro., m., for you all)
تَتۡلُوۡنَ — Tut-loo-n..(ul) — Recite (= v. Coach, educate and share with each other; read; study; teach)
** Note: The phrase اَنۡتُم تَتۡلُوۡنَ (un-toom-tut-loona) consists of three words.
o The first word اَنۡ (= un) means “Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily.”
o The second word تُمۡ (= toom) is a pronoun (= pro., pl., m.,, addressees in 2nd person) referring to you
o The third word تَتۡلُوۡنَ (= tut-loo-loona) is a verb that shows your acts to “Recite, coach, educate and share with each other, read, study; or teach.”
o When a pronoun points to a person, and is followed by a verb which with one of its 14 variations refers to an action by that person, the multi-worded phrase so created lays an extreme emphasis on the stated action. Thus the phrase اَنۡتُم تَتۡلُوۡنَ (un-toom-tut-loona) means you really do “Recite, coach, educate and share with each other, read, study or teach.”
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:023 / 002:043
اَنۡ — Un — Surely (= Absolutely; certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; in all seriousness
indeed; positively; really; truly; verily)
تُمۡ — Toom — You all (= pro., pl., m., for you all)
تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ — Tau-la-moon — You know (= v., Are aware; have knowledge; knowingly. The two-worded whole phrase اَنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ means ‘surely you know so very well‘)
** Note: The phrase اَنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ (un-toom-tau-la-moon) consists of three words.
o The first word اَنۡ (= un) means “Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily.”
o The second word تُمۡ (= toom) is a pronoun (= pro., pl., m., addressee in 2nd person) referring to you.
o The third word تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ (= tau-la-moon) is a verb showing the action ‘of having knowledge’ by you (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 2nd person).
o When a pronoun points to a person, and is followed by a verb which with one of its 14 variations refers to an action by that person, the two-worded phrase so created lays an extreme emphasis on the stated action. Thus the phrase اَنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ (un-toom-tau-la-moon) means ‘surely you know so very well’)
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:034
كُنۡ — Koon — Have been (= v., Conveys continuation. “All of you in the 2nd person.”.
This verb and its 14 grammatical variations indicate an act’s continuity from the past to the present and leading into the future – such as ‘continued doing’ or ‘went on doing’)
تُمۡ — Toom — You all (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 2nd person) refers to “you all men”.
** Note: The phrase كُنۡتُمۡ تَكۡتُمُوۡنَ (koon-toomtuck-to-moon) consists of three words.
o The first word كُنۡ (=koon) means ‘have been’.
o The second word تُمۡ (= toom) word (= pro., pl., m, addressees in 2nd person) shows ‘you all men.
o The third word تَكۡتُمُوۡنَ (= tuk-to-moon) is a verb showing the act ‘of concealing’ done by you (= pro., pl., m., addressee in 2nd person).
o When a pronoun points to a person, and is followed by a verb which with one of its 14 variations refers to an action by that person, the two-worded phrase so created lays an extreme emphasis on the stated action. Thus the phrase كُنۡتُمۡ تَكۡتُمُوۡنَ (koon-toomtuck-to-moon) means ‘You are the people who have really been concealing.’
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:005
هُمۡ — Hoom — They (= Pronoun refers to ‘all those’ in masculine gender)
يُوۡقِنُوۡنَ — Yoo-qe-noon — Firmly believe (= v., Bear conviction; have full, firm, absolute, resolute, total and wholesome conviction without any shadow of doubt)
** Note: The phrase هُمۡ يُوۡقِنُوۡنَ (hoom-yoque-noon) consists of two words.
o The first word هُمۡ (= hoom) is a pronoun that refers to ‘all those’ in masculine gender.
o The second word يُوۡقِنُوۡنَ (=Yoo-qe-noon) is a verb showing the act ‘of bearing an absolute conviction’ done by ‘them all’ (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 3rd person).
o When a pronoun points to a person, and is followed by a verb which with one of its 14 variations refers to an action by that person, the two-worded phrase so created lays an extreme emphasis on the stated action. Thus the phrase هُمۡ يُوۡقِنُوۡنَ (hoom-yoque-noon) means ‘They really are the people with a wholesome conviction without any shadow of doubt‘.
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
2 Words of Emphasis used together multiply Effect
2 Words of Emphasis used together multiply Effect
An Arabic ‘Word of Emphasis’ as obvious is a word that emphasizes its intended objective. See ‘Arabic Grammar -103 Questions Answered.’ Such constructions aim at creating an extreme emphasis.
One unique feature of the Arabic language is to join together or place successively in the same one clause or verses “Two Words of Emphasis” with the same or very similar meanings. Used very frequently are اِنَّ , اَنّ , لَ and قَدۡ . The literal equivalents of them all in the English include ‘absolutely, categorically, certainly, clearly, definitely, doubtlessly, earnestly, indeed, in all seriousness, in all sincerity, obviously, really, positively, specifically, surely, truly or verily.’
Translating them literally as ‘certainly certainly or definitely definitely” is not the normal English. Translating them accurately in English is best when done as ‘most certainly’, ‘most definitely’, etc. Translating them like that is also appropriate as shown by the several following examples.
Examples of joining اِنَّ and لَ
The following in 002:075 and others like in 002:131, 002:144, 002:147, 002:150, 003:063, 003:079, 003:097, 004:073, 092:005, 100:007, 100:008; 100:009, 100:012; 103:003, etc.
Examples of joining لَ and قَدۡ
002:088, 002:093, 002:100, 002:103, 002:131, 004:132, 011:111, 021:106, 023:013, 023:018, 081:024, 090:005
definitely, doubtlessly; for sure; in spite of; positively, specially, specifically, verily; without a doubt)
Example of joining فَ and قَدۡ
004:049, 004:055
** Note 004:049. The word فَقَدۡ or فَقَد is a combination of two words. The first word فَ [= fa] means after all this, at the end, consequently, finally, hence, in conclusion, resultantly so, then, thereafter, therefore or thus, The second word is قَدۡ [= qud] means absolutely, assuredly, categorically, certainly clearly, definitely, doubtlessly, for sure, obviously, positively, specially, specifically, surely, verily or with no doubt whatsoever. When these two words are joined to form a single word, it means a very high degree of emphasis. See our Commentary titled the ‘2 Words of Emphasis used together Multiply Effect.