080:013 to 023

Posted on October 31, 2015 by Abid

Continued from 080:006 to 012

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The Holy Qor-aan                                          080:013                                              ۘ‏ ‏ فَمَنۡ شَآءَ ذَكَرَهٗ

                 Fa-mun-shaa-aa-za-ka-rauh

                Then whoever chose paid it attention

  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thereafter; therefore; yet)
  • مَنۡ — Mun — Whoever (= Anyone; what; whatsoever; who; whoso; whomever)
  • شَآءَ — Shaa-a — Chose (= Decided; decreed; desired; dictated; enforced; liked; pleased; preferred; willed; wished)
  • ذَكَرَ — Za-ka-rauh — Paid attention (= v., Born in mind; paid heed; pondered over; recalled what was entrusted; reflected; refreshed memory; remembered; rose to eminence; took advantage of the admonition; thought of the deeds done)
  • هٗ — Hoo — It (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the Holy Qor-aan)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:014                                        فِىۡ صُحُفٍ مُّكَرَّمَةٍۙ‏     

                Fee-so-ho-finm-mo-kur-ra-ma-tin

               Written in Scriptures honored

  • فِىۡ — Fee — In (= Set down, written and well-preserved in)
  • صُحُفٍ — So-ho-fin(m) — Scriptures (= Divine revelations written down so they can be read. Holy revelation from God Almighty to his apostles.
    Leaves or pages held in honor, kept pure and sanctified. Penned down parts, pages and portions of the Book. Pages. Scrolls. Sheets. The Code)
  • مُّكَرَّمَةٍۙ — Mo-kur-ra-ma-tin — Honored (= Respected; revered; held in honor)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                          080:015                                            مَّرۡفُوۡعَةٍ مُّطَهَّرَةٍ

                 Mur-foo-aa-tinm-mo-tauh-ra-tin

                Exalted, Sanctified

  • مَّرۡفُوۡعَةٍ — Mur-foo-aa-tin — Exalted (= Elevated; honored; raised; respected; revered in dignity)
  • مُّطَهَّرَةٍ — Mo-tauh-ra-tin — Sanctified (= Kept Holy, purified and without impurities)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:016                                                  بِاَيۡدِىۡ سَفَرَةٍ

                 Bay-ai-dee-sa-fa-ra-tin

                Written with the hands of the scribes

  • بِ — Bay — With (= The Arabic word بِ literally means ‘with’ in English)
  • اَيۡدِيۡ — Ai-dee — Hands (= The terminal part of the arm below the wrist. In Arabic
    the expression refers to things which are ahead, before
    in front or in immediate presence. Both hands)
  • سَفَرَةٍ — Sa-fa-ra-tin — Scribes (= Writers.  A/t/a Angels)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:017                                                     كِرَامٍۢ بَرَرَةٍ ؕ‏

                   Ke-raa-minb-ba-ra-rauh

                 Respected, Righteous.

  • كِرَامٍۢ — Ke-raa-min — Respected (= Devout; extremely exalted, greatly gentle; noble)
  • بَرَرَةٍ — Ba-ra-rauh — Righteous (= Gracious; holy; obedient; pious; virtuous)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                          080:018                                       قُتِلَ الۡاِنۡسَانُ مَاۤ اَكۡفَرَهٗؕ‏

                Quo-tay-lul-in-saa-no-maa-uk-fa-ra-hoo

                Woe unto man; how ungrateful he is

  • قُتِل — Quo-tay-la — Woe unto (= 1. Buried; deprived of life; destroyed; killed; murdered; perished; ruined; seized by ruin. 2. Bewildered, cursed and confounded as he is, let him reflect)
  • الۡاِنۡسَانُ — In-saa-no — Man (= The human being; mankind; includes men and woman)
  • مَاۤ — Maa — How (= What; whatever; any time; at such time; when)
  • اَكۡفَرَ — Uk-fa-ra — Ungrateful (= Thankless; unappreciative)
  • هٗ — Hoo — He (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘ungrateful man’)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:019                                           مِنۡ اَىِّ شَىۡءٍ خَلَقَه

                  Min-auy-yay-shai-in-kha-la-qa-hoo

                 From what thing He created him?

  • مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind or several persons or things)
  • اَىِّ — Auy-yay — What (= Whatever; whatsoever)
  • شَىۡءٍ — Sha-in — Thing (= Article, item, object; material; matter; stuff; thing)
  • خَلَقَ — Kha-la-qa — He created (= Brought into being. Created in due proportions. Designed from a scratch out of nothing. Fashioned. Formed. Gave forms and faces. Produced. Shaped. Universe bestowed with the mystery of the creation)
  • هٗ — Hoo – Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘ungrateful’ man)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:020                                        مِنۡ نُّطۡفَةٍؕ خَلَقَهٗ فَقَدَّرَهٗ ۙ‏

                 Min-noot-fa-tin-kha-la-qa-hoo-fa-qud-da-ra-hoo

                Out of a sperm-drop He created him. Then He proportioned him in good measures

  • مِنۡ — Min — Out of (= Among, from or out of the class, category, count, kind or several persons or things)
  • نُّطۡفَةٍؕ — Noot-fa-tin — Sperm drop * (= Drop of a seed; life-germ; little germ; seedling; semen; little bit of fluid. A/t/a Mixed drops of male and female sexual discharge)
  • خَلَقَ — Kha-la-qa — He created (= Brought into being. Created in due proportions. Designed from a scratch out of nothing. Fashioned. Formed. Gave forms and faces. Produced. Shaped. Universe bestowed with the mystery of the creation)
  • هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘ungrateful’ man)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thereafter; therefore; yet)
  • قَدَّرَ — Qud-da-ra — Proportioned (= Destined good proportions; gave good measure; endowed with infinite capacity to make progress; molded in excellent form; ordained his fate)
  • هٗ — Hoo –Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘ungrateful’ man)

* Note 080:020. Other places where man’s creation from a sperm-drop is mentioned include 022:006, 023:014 and 075:038,  and from a gushing fluid in 086:007.

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The Holy Qor-aan                                          080:021                                            ثُمَّ السَّبِيۡلَ يَسَّرَهٗ ۙ‏

                 Thoom-mus-sa-bee-la-yus-sa-ra-hoo

                Then the right road He smooths for him

  • ثُمَّ — Thoom-ma — Then (= After that; further more; subsequently; thereafter)
  • السَّبِيۡلِ — Sa-bee-lay — The right road (= Appropriate, correct, proper, right or straight course, direction, highway, line, passage, path, road, route or way to traverse in conducting affairs of this life)
  • يَسَّرَ — Yus-sa-ra — He smooths (= Eases accessibility. Facilitates the way to success. Provides easy access and every facility to do more of the same kind of deeds he had been doing. Smooths his way to comfort, ease and goodness)
  • هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘ungrateful’ man)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:022                                                 ثُمَّ اَمَاتَهٗ فَاَقۡبَرَهٗ

                Thoom-ma-aa-maa-ta-hoo-fa-uk-ba-ra-hoo

               Then He caused his death. Then He put him in a grave.

  • ثُمَّ — Thoom-ma — Then (= After that; further more; subsequently; thereafter)
  • اَمَاتَ — Amaa-ta — Caused death (= In due course brought his death to retrieve his soul to Himself)
  • هٗ — Hoo — His (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘ungrateful’ man)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; so; thereafter; therefore; yet)
  • اَقۡبَرَه — Uk-ba-ra — Put in grave (= Assigned a grave-site; buried; caused his burial; puts in the interim state of a grave; stows in a grave; entombs)
  • هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘ungrateful’ man)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                          080:023                                           ثُمَّ اِذَا شَآءَ اَنۡشَرَهٗؕ‏

                 Thoom-ma-ezaa-shaa-aa-un-sha-ra-hoo

                Then when He chose He resurrected him

  • ثُمَّ — Thoom-ma — Then (= After that; further more; subsequently; thereafter)
  • اِ ذَ ا — Ezaa — When (= Any time or event; now that; when)
  • شَآءَ — Shaa-a — He chose (= Decided; decreed; desired; dictated; enforced; liked; pleased; preferred; willed; wished)
  • اَنۡشَرَ — Un-sha-ra — Resurrected (= Brought him back to life; raised to life; reincarnated)
  • هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘ungrateful’ man)

Continued. See 080:024 to 033

Posted in Commentary and Notes, Qor-aan's Translation - verse # | Tagged , , , , | Leave a comment

080:024 to 033

Posted on October 31, 2015 by Abid

Continued from 080:013 to 023

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The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:024                                       كَلَّا لَـمَّا يَقۡضِ مَاۤ اَمَرَهٗ ؕ‏

                Kul-laa-lum-maa-yuk-dzay-maa-aa-ma-ra-hoo

               The fact is that he (man) has not yet fully done what He had commanded him

  • كَلَّا — Kul-laa — The fact is (= Absolutely not; fact is; in effect; indeed; instead; like it was never; nay; the reality is. See Note 078:005)
  • لَّمَّا — Lum-maa — Not (= This is a combination of two words. The first word is لم (lum) meaning ‘absolutely, certainly, definitely, positively, surely, truly or verily. The second word is ما (maa) meaning ‘no, never, absolutely not; not all. Joined together لَّمَّا (lum-maa) means ‘Certainly not’, ‘definitely never’, ‘never ever’)
  • يَقۡضِ — Yuk-dzay — Has fully done (= Accomplish; carry out; complete; decide; execute; fulfill)
  • مَاۤ — Maa — Not (= Absolutely not; no; never)
  • اَمَرَ — Ama-ra — Commanded (= v., Assigned; bid; decreed; dictated; directed; enjoined; instructed; laid down; mandated; ordained; ordered; prescribed; told)
  • هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to ‘man’)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:025                                 فَلۡيَنۡظُرِ الۡاِنۡسَانُ اِلٰى طَعَامِهٖۤۙ‏

                Ful-yun-zo-ril-in-saa-no-elaa-ta-aa-may-he

               So man certainly should look at his food

  • فَ — Fa…(ul) — So (= Consequently; as a result; so; thereafter; therefore; yet)
  • لۡ — Ul — Certainly (= Absolutely; definitely; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; positively; really; seriously; surely; truly; verily)
  • يَنۡظُرِ —   Yun-zo-r..(il) — Look (= v., Consider; gaze; have regard for; reflect; see; take notice of; watch)
  • الۡاِنۡسَانُ –In-saa-no — Man (= The human being; mankind; includes both man and woman)
  • اِلٰٓى — E-laa — At (= To; towards; in the direction)
  • طَعَامٍ — Ta-aa-may — Food (= Consumable; diet; eating; eatable; consumable stuff necessary for subsistence; feeding; food)
  • هٖ — He — His (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid ‘man’)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:026                                          اَنَّا صَبَبۡنَا الۡمَآءَ صَبًّا

                Un-naa-sa-bub-nul-maa-aa-sub-bun

               We surely poured down water in abundance

  • اَنَّ — Un — Surely (= Absolutely; certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; earnestly; positively; really; seriously; truly; verily)
  • نَآ — Naa — We (= pro., pl., 1st person. Us. Used with God’s name it is the authoritative way a higher-up talks to a subordinate)
  • صَبَبۡ — Sa-bub — Poured (= v., Laid down upon; let loose; loosened; lowered on; sent down torrential downpour; showered rain showers)
  • نَآ — Na…(ul) — We (= pro., pl., 1st person. Us. Used with God’s name it is the authoritative way a higher-up talks to a subordinate)
  • الۡمَآءَ — Maa-aa — Water (= H2O; moisture; rain)
  • صَبًّا — Sub-bun — Abundance (= Hard pouring rain; heavy down pour;. hit hard with, laid down, let loose, loosened or lowered a very heavily downpour; torrents)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:027                                          ثُمَّ شَقَقۡنَا الۡاَرۡضَ شَقًّا

                Thoom-ma-sha-quq-nul-ur-dza-shuq-qun

               Then we split the earth with real plowing

  • ثُمَّ — Thoom-ma — Then (= After that; further more; subsequently; thereafter)
  • شَقَقۡ — Sha-quq — Split (= v., Cleave; cleaving; cleft; pierced; plowed)
  • نَآ — Na…(ul) — We (= pro., pl., 1st person. Us. Used with God’s name it is the authoritative way a higher-up talks to a subordinate)
  • الۡاَرۡضَ — Ur-dza — Earth (= Earth; ground; land; soil. A/t/a Area; country territory)
  • شَقًّا — Shaq-qun — Real plowing (= Complete, proper, real, thorough or total breaking up, cleaving asunder, fissures, piercing, plowing, split in clefts or turned into fragments)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:028                                               فَاَنۡۢبَتۡنَا فِيۡهَا حَبًّا            
                 Fa-un-but-naa-fee-haa-hub-bun

               Then we grew in it a seed

  • فَ — Fa — Then (= Consequently; as a result; then; thereafter; therefore; yet
  • اَنۡۢبَتۡ — Un-but — Grew (= Developed; produced)
  • نَآ — Naa — We (= pro., pl., 1st person. Us. Used with God’s name it is the authoritative way a higher-up talks to a subordinate)
  • فِىۡ — Fee — In (= Amidst, among, contained or inside a duration, event time, place, period, thing or situation)
  • هَا — Haa — It (= pro., s., f., 3rd person. Refers to the ‘earth’)
  • حَبًّا — Hub-bun — A seed (= Corn; grain; kernel)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:029                                               وَّ عِنَبًا وَّقَضۡبًا ۙ‏

                  Wa-aay-na-bun-wa-qudz-bun

                 And grapes and vegetables

  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • عِنَبًا — Aay-na-bun — Grapes (= Vineyards)
  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَّ above)
  • قَضۡبًا — Qudz-bun — Vegetables (= Clover; fresh veggies; green fodder; herbs; nutritious eatables grown out of earth. Food that comes from at least five kinds of greens (002:062) that the Israelites asked Moses to get them from God)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:030                                                وَّزَيۡتُوۡنًا وَّنَخۡلًا ؕ‏

                 Wa-zai-too-nun- wa-nukh-lun

                 And olives and dates

  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَّ above)
  • زَيۡتُوۡنًا — Zai-too-nun — Olives (= Olive-tree; olive fruit)
  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَّ above)
  • نَخۡلًا — Nukh-lun — Dates (= Date-palms; palm-trees that bear dates)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:031                                                   وَحَدَآٮِٕقَ غُلۡبًا ۙ‏

                  Wa-ha-daa-eka-ghool-bun

                 And gardens in dense growth

  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; See وَّ above)
  • حَدَآٮِٕقَ — Ha-daa-eka — Orchards (= Enclosed, walled, preserved and protected gardens; garden-closes
  • غُلۡبًا — Ghool-bun — Dense growth (= Dense forestry; lofty trees; lush; thick foliage; thickly planted with lots of trees; thickets)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:032                                                  وَّفَاكِهَةً وَّاَبًّا ۙ‏

                 Wa-faa-kay-ha-tunw-wa-ub-bun

                And fruits and fodder

  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَّ above)
  • فَاكِهَةً — Faa-keha-toon — Fruits (= Fruits of all kinds; fruit trees)
  • وَّ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • اَبًّا — Ub-bun — Fodder (= Grasses; green pastures; herbage; herbs)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:033                                        ؕ مَّتَاعًا لَّـكُمۡ وَلِاَنۡعَامِكُمۡ

                 Ma-taa-un-la-koom-wa-lay-un-aa-may-koom

                As a provision for you and for your cattle

  • مَّتَاعًا — Ma-taa-un — Provisions (= 1. Ample, great and lots of goodly provisions; benefit; bountiful thing; comfort; decent means of living; event, place or opportunity of enjoyment; grant of worldly assets and valuable; little fun; sustenance; temporary fun; use and convenience. 2. Break; reprieve; respite; temporary stay)
  • لَ — La — For (= For the benefit, object, purpose or reason of; intended for; with intent to)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You men. Generally this way the Holy Qor-aan addresses both men and women)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; See وَّ above)
  • لِ — Lay — For (= For the benefit, object, purpose or reason of; intended for; with intent to)
  • اَنۡعَامِ — Un-aa-may — Cattle (= Quadrupeds)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You men. Generally this way the Holy Qor-aan addresses both men and women)

Continued. See 080:034 to 043

Posted in Commentary and Notes, Qor-aan's Translation - verse # | Tagged , | Leave a comment

080:034 to 043

Posted on October 30, 2015 by Abid

Continued from 080:024 to 033

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The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:034                                         فَاِذَا جَآءَتِ الصَّآخَّة

                Fa-ezaa-jaa-aa-tiss-saa-kha-to

               So when the Loud Scream has come

  • فَ — Fa — So (= Consequently; as a result; so; thereafter; therefore; yet)
  • اِذَاۤ — Ezaa — When (= Any time or event; now that; whenever)
  • جَآءَتۡ — Jaa-aa-t..(iss) — Has come (= Arrived; delivered, given, reached, settled, sounded)
  • الصَّآخَّة — Saa-kha-to — Loud scream (= Blast. Calamity. Deafening cry, noise, scream or shout. Dreadful, ear-splitting, nerve-shattering, piercing or stunning sound. “Second blowing of the Trumpet on the Day of Resurrection” DK/AH)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:035 يَوۡمَ يَفِرُّ الۡمَرۡءُ مِنۡ اَخِيۡهِ                                     ‏

                Yao-ma-ya-fer-rool-mur-o-min-aa-khee-hay

               That day man will run from his brother

  • يَوۡمَ — Yao-ma — Day (= s., A time, term or period that ends; juncture)
  • يَفِرُّ — Ya-fer-ro(ol) — Will run (= v., Flee; forsake; part with; run away; separate)
  • الۡمَرۡءُ — Mur-o — Man (= Individual; person)
  • مِنۡ — Min — From (= Among, from or out of a class, category, count, kind, lot or out of several persons or things)
  • اَخِيۡ — Aa-khee — Brother (= Sibling)
  • هِ — Hay — His (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid person)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:036 وَاُمِّهٖ وَاَبِيۡهِ                                                     ‏

                   Wa-oom-may-he-wa-abee-hay

                 And his mother and his father

  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ above)
  • اُمِّ — Oom-may — Mother (= n., s., Ma; mom)
  • هٖ — He — His (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid person)
  • اَبِيۡ — Abee — Father (= n., s., Dad; Pa)
  • هِ — Hay — His (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid person)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:037                                                 ‏ وَصَاحِبَتِهٖ وَبَنِيۡهِ

                Wa-saa-heba-tay-he-wa-ba-nee-hay

                And his mate and his sons

  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ above)
  • صَاحِبَتِ — Saa-heba-tay — Mate (= n., s., Wife; life-companion; spouse)
  • هٖ — He — His (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid person)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses. See وَ above)
  • بَنِيۡ — Ba-nee — Sons (= n., pl., Children; off-spring; progeny)
  • هِ — Hay — His (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid person)

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The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:038 لِكُلِّ امۡرِیءٍ مِّنۡهُمۡ يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ شَاۡنٌ يُّغۡنِيۡهِ                     ‏

                Lay-kool-lim-ray-im-min-hoom-yao-ma-e-zin-shau-noon-yoogh-nee-hay

               For everyone among them that day would be a concern to make him indifferent

  • لِ — Lay — For (= For the benefit, object, purpose or reason of; intended for; regarding; relative to; with intent to)
  • كُلِّ — Kool-l..(im) — Every (= All; altogether; each and everyone; entirely; everything without exception; totally; very much; wholly)
  • امۡرِیءٍ — M-ray-i(m) — One * (= Individual; man; person)
  • مِنۡ — Min — Among (= Among, from or out of a class, category, count, kind, lot or out of several persons or things)
  • هُمۡ‌ — Hoom — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3 rd person. Refers to all aforesaid persons)
  • يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ — Yao-ma-e-zin — That day (= Judgment Day; Day of Accounting and Settlement)
  • شَاۡنٌ — Shau-noon — Concern (= Matter of importance; sorrow of his own)
  • يُّغۡنِي — Yoogh-nee — Indifferent (= Dispense with, get rid of, provide release or satisfaction. Show or be of little avail, benefit, help, use or profit. Make heedless, independent, indifferent and oblivious to all else.
  • هِ — Hay — Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid person)

* Note 080:038. Simple translations are that everyone will ‘be occupied with himself’ and ‘have enough to make him care less for others’)

(===)

The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:039 وُجُوۡهٌ يَّوۡمَٮِٕذٍ مُّسۡفِرَة ٌ‏                                       ‏

                Wo-joo-hoon-yao-ma-e-zinm-moos-fay-ra-toon

                Some faces that day glowing

  • وُجُوۡهٌ — Wo-joo-hoon — Faces (= n., pl. 1. Facial expression that no mask can hide. 2. The front top of the body of a person that is a tell-tale of what is behind that face and in the mind of the person. Countenance)
  • يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ — Yao-ma-e-zi(nm) — That day (= Judgment Day; Day of Accounting and Settlement)
  • مُّسۡفِرَة — Moos-fay-ra-toon — Glowing (= Beaming; bright as a dawn; happy; rejoicing; shining)

(===)

The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:040                                          ضَاحِكَةٌ مُّسۡتَبۡشِرَةٌ

               Dzaa-heka-toonm-moos-tub-shay-ra-toon

               Laughing, joyous

  • ضَاحِكَةٌ — Dzaa-heka-toon — Laughing (= Ecstatically giggling; shining with pleasure)
  • مُّسۡتَبۡشِرَةٌ — Moos-tub-shay-ra-toon — Joyous (= Joyful; very happy on the good news; rejoicing on receiving the good news of Paradise)

(===)

The Holy Qor-aan                                        080:041                                   وَوُجُوۡهٌ يَّوۡمَٮِٕذٍ عَلَيۡهَا غَبَرَةٌ

                Wa-wo-joo-hoon-yao-ma-zin-alai-haa-gha-ba-ra-toon

                And some faces that day with dust all over them

  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • وُجُوۡهٌ — Wo-joo-hoon — Faces (= n., pl. 1. Facial expression that no mask can hide. 2. The front top of the body of a person that is a tell-tale of what is behind that face and in the mind of the person. Countenance)
  • يَوۡمَٮِٕذٍ — Yao-ma-e-zin — That day (= Judgment Day; Day of Accounting and Settlement)
  • عَلَيۡ — Alai — All over (= Above; against; before; for; on top of; over; upon)
  • هَا — Haa — Them (= pro., s., f., 3rd person. Refers to said category of ‘faces’)
  • غَبَرَةٌ — Gha-bara-toon — Dust (= Ash-faced; dust-stained; dusty doom and gloom all over them; dust upon them)

(===)

The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:042                                                   تَرۡهَقُهَا قَتَرَةٌ

                 Tur-ha-qo-haa-qa-ta-rauh

                Darkness covering them

  • تَرۡهَقُ — Tur-ha-qo — Covering (= Over-shadowing; veiled over with; wrapping all around)
  • هَا — Haa — Them (= pro., s., f., 3rd person. Refers to said category of ‘faces’)
  • قَتَرَةٌ — Qa-ta-rauh — Darkness (= Absence of light and brightness; blackness; doom and gloom)

(===)

The Holy Qor-aan                                         080:043                                     اُولٰٓٮِٕكَ هُمُ الۡكَفَرَةُ الۡفَجَرَة

               Olaa-eka-ho-mool-ka-fa-ra-tool-fa-ja-rauh

               They all are the disbelievers, the wicked

  • اُولٰٓٮِٕكَ — Olaa-eka — All (= Aforesaid facts, persons or things. Here the reference is
    to the said folks, people; sinner; wrong-doers)
  • هُمُ — Ho-mo(ol) — They (= pro., pl., m., 3 rd person. Refers to all aforesaid persons)
  • الۡكَفَرَةُ — Ka-fara-to(ol) — Disbelievers (= n., pl., 1.Who deny, refuse or reject Faith or belief in Allah, the Holy Qor-aan and Islaam and be Moslems. 2. Faithless; heretic; infidels; disbelievers; unbelievers; non-believers; rejecters of, resistors to or unbelieving in the Almighty God. Rejecters of God. 3. Who act ungratefully and fail to appreciate, thank, use or utilize God-given abilities, blessings, capacities, capabilities, gifts, opportunities afforded and talents provided by abusing and misusing them)
  • الۡفَجَرَة — Faj-ja-rauh — Wicked (= n., pl., Bad; doers of the inequities; evil or vile persons; disbelievers; sinners; evil-doers; polytheists)
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Islam – 104 – The 5 Acts of worship – Pillars of Islam

Posted on October 27, 2015 by Abid

ISLAM – 104

The 5 Acts of worships or pillars of Islam

 

Verse 002:004 lays out three of the five Acts of worships – also called the pillars of Islam. The Holy Qor-aan mandates other worships elsewhere, often repeating them in several verses.

 

All Moslems are mandated to practice these worships, voluntarily, of their own accord, and are responsible for doing them to please God as a personal matter between them and the Almighty. 

 

1st worship — Practiced every moment = Proclamation of the belief in the Unseen that no human has physically seen.  Such Belief includes believing in the following Unseen and the Seen.

  1. The One and the Only One Almighty God – verse 002:178, 002:286 and many others.
  2. His Accounting laid in 002:178 and explained in the whole Chapters 078, 079, 080, 081, 082, 083, 084, 085, 088, 089 besides several other places as to what is the Hereafter, the Day of Judgment and when Hell or Heaven will be awarded.
  3. His Angels – verses 002:178 and 002:286.
  4. His Scriptures – verses 002:178 and 002:286.
  5. His Messengers – verses 002:178 and 002:286.

 

2nd worship — Practiced every day = Prayers many times daily mandated by verses 002:044, 017:079, 098:006 and others. The Holy Prophet s.a.w by his practice established the following pattern.

  1. Mandatory prayer Fajr offered before dawn.
  2. Mandatory prayer Zohr offered around noon.
  3. Mandatory prayer Asr offered late afternoon.
  4. Mandatory prayer Mugh-rib offered at sunset.
  5. Mandatory prayer Isha offered at early night.
  6. Highly recommended Ta-huj-jud offered about 1.5 hr before sunrise – 017:080
  7. Highly recommended Ish-raaq offered around two hours after the sunrise.

 

3rd  worship — Practiced every earnings = Paying Zakaat (see Commentary Islam – Zakaat) or contributing to charity in the causes of Almighty God is mandated by verses 002:044, 098:006 and at least 18 others verses.  A worker may receive wages daily, weekly or monthly and a farmer may harvest once a year but Zakaat is payable when earning is received.

 

4th worship — Practiced every year = Fasting during the month of Ramadhan every year as mandated by verses 002:184 to 002:188.

 

5th worship — Practiced every life = Performing Hujj or Haj  mandated by verse 002:197 and others.  This worship includes visiting and praying in the Kauba, Holy Mosque, Arafaat, Mush-aril-haraam, Mooz-da-le-faah, doing the To-waaf and Sa-ee, stoning the Satans and performing other prescribed rituals.

 

Besides the above, verse 002:178 gives a detailed account of other basic elements of the Faith.  Also, “Gratitude for God’s gifts is one form of worship” – Note 172 by A Yusuf Ali.

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The Righteous

Posted on October 18, 2015 by Abid

The Righteous

The verse 002:003 in the Holy Qor-aan tells of those who are مُتَّقِيۡنَ (Moot-ta-qeen). The singular of the word is مُتَّقِيۡ. Dozens of derivative words flow from the same one root.

The word  مُتَّقِي  in its meanings portrays “one who walks through thorny bushes taking all possible care that his clothes are not caught in and torn by their branches” – Ubayy bin K’ab, a distinguished companion of the Holy Prophet, s.a.w.

The love for dress creates fear of its getting dirty and results in lifting it up. Love breeds  fear that spurs the result of avoiding wrong move. The word تَقۡوا  conveys an intense love of a lover that causes fear that his bad act will ignite anger, annoyance or antagonism in the beloved.

Author A Yusuf Ali’s Note 26 reads: “.. the fear of God which according to the writer of Proverbs (1.7) in the Old Testament ..” stems out of Bible. We won’t translate the Holy Qor-aan that way.

The word تَقۡوا means an act of nobility, piety and righteousness. مُتَّقِي  is one who preaches professes, practices and those acts. Translation of these words has varied in words, phrases and verbiages though reflect similar meanings. The best translation of اتَّقُوا is you love and as follows.

  • Avoid angering Allah
  • Act piously and righteously
  • Be good, noble, righteous and virtuous
  • Be mindful of what to do towards other people
  • Become God-fearing, dutiful, honorable and righteous
  • Become a practitioner of appropriate, right and proper conduct
  • Cleansing one’s inner self by getting rid of all bad and dishonest practices
  • Cleansing one’s inner soul by guarding against and warding off all evil acts and ideas
  • Do all duties owed to the Almighty God by professing, preaching and practicing them
  • Developing self-control, self-restraint and other non-selfish characteristics.
  • Fear standing before and being answerable to the Almighty God
  • Guard against, protect from and purge oneself of all evil acts
  • Heed to the warnings, become aware of and shun all evil
  • Love so much as to avoid angering Allah to the least
  • Mind, observe or perform the duties owed to Allah
  • Please the Almighty God by performing the well-known inherently good deeds
  • Please the Almighty God by discarding the well-recognized bad conduct in all actions
  • Respect, revere, honor, keep, observe and perform all duties imposed by God Almighty – appropriately, diligently; faithfully, fearfully, humbly, loyally, properly and sincerely
  • Rescue oneself out of the evil that causes heart-burns in this life to himself and others
  • Revere, be in the awe of, hold in the highest regard, admire, look up to or venerate Him
  • Safeguard against moral and spiritual ills that mess up life here and ruin the Hereafter
  • Save oneself from doings evil things that will lead to burning in Hell in the Hereafter
  • Take the Almighty Allah as the Protector and Shield for protection against all evil
  • Take precaution against all suffering of the Judgment Day by guarding against evil
  • Take God as the shield for protection against all bad, evil and Satanic influences
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021:113

Posted on October 7, 2015 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                            021:113

.

قَـٰلَ رَبِّ ٱحۡكُم بِٱلۡحَقِّ‌ۗ وَرَبُّنَا ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنُ ٱلۡمُسۡتَعَانُ عَلَىٰ مَا تَصِفُونَ

 

               Qaa-la-rub-beh-koom-bil-huq-qay-wa-rub-bo-nur                                                                       Raah-maa-nool-moos-ta-aa-no                                                                                                           Alaa-maa-ta-say-foo-n

 

               He said, “God! please decide in Truth.” “And our God                                                   The Most Beneficent is whose help and guidance                                                           Is sought against what you allege.”

 

  • قَا لَ — Qaa-la — He prayed (= v., s., m., 3rd person. Said; begged; beseeched; invoked; implored; requested; supplicated)
  • رَبِّ — Rub-b…(eh) — God (= The Almighty Allah who fills needs of all creatures;
    Cherisher; Creator; Guardian; Master; Lord Provident. The Only One Who provides all that sustains life. The Ultimate Provider of air, water, food and whatever we and all other creatures need to live and subsist)
  • ٱحۡكُم — Eh-koom — Decide (= v., m/f., s., 2nd person. Adjudicate; judge; make judgment. Announce a verdict after determining facts and finalizing the conclusions)
  • بِ — Bay — With (= The Arabic word بِ literally means ‘with’ in English. Based upon. In accordance with)
  • الۡحَـقِّ — Huq-qay — The Truth (= Appropriate; appropriateness; equitable; in equity. In justice; just cause; justified conduct; justification. Fair; in fairness and propriety. In suitability. Suitably. Reasonableness; solid good reason. Right; right Faith; exact particulars; total truth; precise truth; truthfulness)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • رَبُّ — Rub-bo — God (= The Almighty Allah who fills needs of all creatures;
    Cherisher; Creator; Guardian; Master; Lord Provident. The Only One Who provides all that sustains life. The Ultimate Provider of air, water, food and whatever we and all other creatures need to live and subsist)
  • نَآ — Na…(ur) — Our (= pro., pl., 1st person. Us. Used with God’s name it reflects the authoritative way a higher-up talks to a subordinate)
  • الرَّحۡمٰنِ — Raah-maan — Beneficent (= superlative form indicates the greatest, the highest, the most. and highlights that none more than Him is … The One who fully, totally and wholly benefits all, to the maximum, with no condition, limitation or restriction. Compassionate. Gracious)
  • ٱلۡمُسۡتَعَانُ — Moos-ta-aa-no — Sought * (= Is, can and will be … asked, beseeched, implored and sought for help and guidance)
  • عَلٰى — Alaa — Against (= Against; for; on; on top of; over; regarding; to; upon)
  • مَا — Maa — What (= 1. All that; whatever; whatsoever. 2. Which; whichever)
  • تَصِفُونَ — Ta-say-foon — You allege ** (= Accuse; ascribe; assert; attribute; blame; describe; state

* Note 021:113a. Translators have mostly applied this prayer to the spiritual side; see our Commentary titled as “The Holy Qor-aan – Spiritual Guidance Book.” One example is the translation of ‘Blasphemies you, the infidels, utter.’

Dr Khan and Dr Al-Hilali wrote, “Help is to be sought against which you attribute (unto Allah that He has offspring, and unto Muhammad s.a.w that he is a sorcerer and unto the Qur’an that that it is poetry).”

The Note #1928 by Malik Ghulam Farid explained this verse as following [Italicized words are for emphasis]:
“The Holy Prophet is commanded to offer the prayer contained in this verse as a protection against the powers of evil that were to be let loose upon the world in the Latter Days in the form of Gog and Magog. It is clear from the Bible that in the time of Gog and Magog physical force will not be the only danger to Islam. There will be other factors which will constitute a far greater source of danger to it. The Holy Prophet may also be represented as praying in this verse that the duration of the possession of Palestine by the Jews may be the shortest possible and that it may revert to its legitimate heirs – the Muslims.”

** Note 021:113b. This is one of the prayers perpetually applicable and tremendously beneficial in hard times. Its application in the spiritual events stated above in some translations is indeed spectacular. But also its marvelous effectiveness in the worldly matters of the people is well-established. People have prayed that way for their personal, professional, health, fiscal or familial needs. Many groups have collectively sought help for their unique hardships by use of such prayers. We all need prayers like this for protection when faced with situations like the following — even in USA which undoubtedly is the most powerful nation on earth.

Clergy’s evangelical fear-mongering about next life ending in menacing demands to pay cash now. Political maneuvers to muster public support on the domestic issues and preemptive strikes overseas. Legislators, lobbyists and leisure-lovers developing money-grabbing schemes that go on multiplying. Patients seeking 2nd opinion for another chance at life after a quote for shyster-recommended surgery. Rampant broad daylight cheating, fraud and stealing covered under the blanket of Buyer-Beware. Banking camouflages, financial futures, hedge-funds and insurance webs eating locked-in pensions. Travel attractions and gaming opportunities set up in front of simpler citizens as traps they can’t see. Tempting money-making schemes targeting the unsophisticated low-income folks and senior citizens. Innocent defendants. Crime victims. The list goes on and on with no prevention except prayer. But the Prayers For Acceptance that the Holy Qor-aan has provided have always produced results. And the prayer in this verse has invariably delivered excellent consequences.

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021:112

Posted on October 4, 2015 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                              021:112

وَإِنۡ أَدۡرِى لَعَلَّهُ ۥ فِتۡنَةٌ۬ لَّكُمۡ وَ مَتَاعٌ إِلَىٰ حِينٍ۬

              Wa-in-ud-ree-la-ul-la-hoo-fit-na-toon-wa-ma-taa-oon-elaa-heen

             And I surely don’t know that it is a test for you and a comfort for a while

  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • اِنۡ — In — Surely (= Absolutely. Certainly. Definitely. Doubtlessly. Really. Earnestly. Indeed. Positively. Seriously. Truly. Verily)
  • أَدۡرِىٓ — Ud-ree — Don’t know (= Add knowledge; believe; convey; explain; give notice, understanding or comprehension; inform; know; make another aware; make it known; tell; think)
  • لَعَلَّ — La-ul-la — If (= Gave chance; haply; hopefully; if; perchance; possibly; hope and wish that it becomes; weather; wishing a result to be)
  • هٗ — Hoo — It (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid ‘talk’)
  • فِتۡنَةٌ — Fit-na-toon — Test (= 1. Hurdle; obstacle; ordeal; trial. 2. Lure; temptation. 3. Hypocrisy; Misleading polytheism. 4. Oppression; persecution. 5. Discord; disorder; dissension. mischief)
  • لَّ — La — For (= For the attention, benefit, purpose or reason of. With intent to. With the object of)
  • كُمۡ — Koom — You (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You all men. Generally refers to and used for ‘you all men and women)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • مَتَاعٌ — Ma-taa-oon — Comfort (= 1. Benefit; bountiful thing; decent living; event, place or opportunity of enjoyment; grant of worldly assets and valuable; great provision; lots of provisions; means living and to continue living; sustenance; little fun.  2. Break; reprieve; respite; temporary stay)
  • اِلٰٓى — Elaa — For (= 1. For; until; till. 2. In the direction of; towards)
  • حِيۡنٍ — Heen — Awhile (= A period of time; prescribed term. Usually a short time)
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Prophet Mohammad, A Blessing to the Universe

Posted on October 4, 2015 by Abid

Prophet Mohammad s.a.w, A Blessing to the Universe

Verse 021:018 stated the phrase رَحۡمَةً۬ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِينَ using the pronoun كَ but not the name of the Holy Prophet s.a.w.   Many translations limited themselves to the title-taking aspect and applied the pronoun to only the Holy Prophet s.a.w.   But a role-playing aspect of the phrase by some men who are not bothered by the title-taking aspect also appears from the following facts.

1.   As the only intended addressee the Holy Prophet s.a.w is named four times in the Holy Qor-aan (see our Commentary Islam, Qor-aan, Mohammad, Relationship).   All other Commandments and Prohibitions are laid down by using the pronoun كَ (meaning ‘you’) and addressing the divine message initially to the Holy Prophet s.a.w and secondarily to every Moslem, in fact to every human being.   See the Note 002:005.

2.   The Holy Qor-aan could not have rendered redundant its teachings in verse 021:108 by the passing away of the Holy Prophet s.a.w as its solitary addressee, or left Moslems with obsolete teachings that they could not practice, or prevented many others from becoming a blessing to the mankind.   Wrongly concluding up to 20% of it as obsolete under the Theory of Abrogation is not endorsed by most Moslems nor by us at this site.

3.   The Holy Qor-aan is the total wisdom, for all times to come and no joke.   It must have a reason for using in this verse the pronoun كَ , and not one man’s name.   As a prophecy it foretold its readers that any of them could play the role of a miniature رَحۡمَةً۬ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِينَ by following the Best Exemplar s.a.w (033:022) — like a mirror illuminating around him by reflecting sun’s light without ever equaling or diminishing the brightness of the sun.

4.   The Holy Qor-aan declared him s.a.w as the Messenger for all mankind (034:029) and the translations of الۡعٰلَمِيۡنَۙ as ‘all beings, life, creation, creatures and the Jinn’ substantiate that some individuals will shine that light to the dark corners where the Direct Sunlight has not yet reached.   The Reformers (Mujudd-e-deen) predicted by him s.a.w have rendered those services for nearly fifteen centuries.   The Reformers never claimed that title of رَحۡمَةً۬ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِين but played that role in many big ways.   These Reformers were a lot more humble than the Moslem armies, businessmen, caliphs, clergy, dictators, generals, kings, rulers and even those who founded new sects or religions by taking out some of the Commands from the Holy Qor-aan.

5.   A founding father figure who heads and starts a long line of Blessings-to-the-Universe is logically more beneficial to the mankind than the services one finite life-span can render.   Mankind is growing and Moslems started with one person at the end of 7th century AD.   Exceeding 1.3 billion fourteen centuries later Moslems must depend on God’s blessings.   Knowledge spreads and goes higher when founded upon the basics already established.   Schools push the Old Heads to newer heights by starting students from earlier shoulders.   Even a plant started from a seed or sapping is a tribute to the Original by producing the fruit or fragrance similar to that of the Original.   All this is in accordance with the law of nature.   All this happens for man’s greater good.   Many have played and many will play the role under the master-banner of رَحۡمَةً۬ لِّلۡعَـٰلَمِينَ (Blessings-to-the-Universe) s.a.w.

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021:111

Posted on October 4, 2015 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                                021:111

 

إِنَّهُ ۥ يَعۡلَمُ ٱلۡجَهۡرَ مِنَ ٱلۡقَوۡلِ وَيَعۡلَمُ مَا تَڪۡتُمُونَ

.

In-na-hoo-yau-la-mool-juh-ra-me-nul-qao-lay                                                                              Wa-yau-la-mo-maa-tuk-to-moon

.

He definitely knows the loud of the talk                                                                        And knows what you conceal

 

  • اِنَّ — In-na — Definitely (= Absolutely; assuredly; categorically; clearly; definitely indeed; doubtlessly; earnestly; positively; really; seriously; sincerely; surely; truly; verily)
  • هٗ — Hoo — Him (= pro., s., m., 3rd person. Refers to the Almighty God)
  • يَعۡلَمُ — Yau-la-mo..(ol) — Knows (= v., Is aware. Has the information, instruction, guidance or knowledge)
  • الۡجَهۡرَ — Ol-juh-ra — Loud (= n., Apparent; manifest; obvious; open; plain; revealed)
  • مِنَ — Me-n…(ul) — From (= From, among or out of a class, category, count or kind. Among, from or out of several persons or things)
  • ٱلۡقَوۡلِ — Ul-qao-lay — Talk (= n., Announcement; argument; assertion; claim; contest; contention; countering; declaration; information; objection; protest; saying; speech; statement; word; utterance)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • يَعۡلَمُ — Yau-la-mo — Knows (= v., Is aware. Has the information, instruction, guidance or knowledge)
  • مَا — Maa — What (= All that; whatever; whatsoever. Which; whichever)
  • تَكۡتُمُوۡنَ — Tuk-to-moon — You conceal (= v., pl., Hide in heart; keep secret or under cover; brush under the rug; withhold from disclosing)

 

(= He certainly knows the open speech and knows your hidden thoughts)

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021:110

Posted on October 3, 2015 by Abid

The Holy Qor-aan                                                                                                              021:110

 

فَإِن تَوَلَّوۡاْ فَقُلۡ ءَاذَنتُڪُمۡ عَلَىٰ سَوَآءٍ۬‌ۖ وَإِنۡ أَدۡرِىٓ أَقَرِيبٌ أَم بَعِيدٌ۬ مَّا تُوعَدُونَ

Fa-in-ta-wul-lao-fa-qool–aa-zun-to-koom-alaa-sa-waa-in                                                         Wa-in-ud-ree-aa-qa-ree- boon-um-ba-ee-doon-maa-too-aa-doon

So if they turn away then you say, “I have warned you all alike.                                And I don’t know if what you are promised is imminent or far away.”

  • فَ — Fa — So (= After all this; as a result; at the end; hence; in the final analysis; in conclusion; in consequence; so; therefore)
  • اِنۡ — In –Surely (= Absolutely. Certainly. Definitely. Doubtlessly. Really. Earnestly. Indeed. Positively. Seriously. Truly. Verily)
  • تَوَلَّوۡاْ — Ta-wul-lao — Turn away (= v., Act aversely. Break agreement, compact, covenant. or pact. Change direction. Compromise the truth. Go in a different or the opposite direction. Deviate from the right path. Ignore. Pay or give no heed. Reverse. Slide back. Take wrong road. Turn back)
  • فَ — Fa — Then (= After all this; as a result; at the end. See فَ above)
  • قُلۡ — Qool — You say (= Announce, assert, broadcast, call, convey, declare; elaborate, explain, expound, inform, instruct, maintain, preach, proclaim, profess, propagate, specify, state or tell 1) others, 2) yourself, 3) your receiving it and 4 )the resolve to obey the Command. See “‘You say’ means“)
  • ءَاذَنتُ — Aa-zun-to — I have warned (= Announced; declared; informed; proclaimed; told. Dr Khan added with “I give you notice (of war …”)
  • کُمۡ — Koom — You all (= pro., pl., m., 2nd person. You men. Generally this way the Holy Qor-aan addresses both men and women)
  • عَلٰى — Alaa — On (= Above; on top of; over; to; upon)
  • سَوَآءٍ — Sa-waa-in — Alike (= Balanced and equal in fairness, justice and equity. Common, complete and competent. Designed and fashioned for equality. Equal. Flawless. Harmonious. In balanced good proportions. Perfectly reasonable. Similar. Suitably settled. True. Well-proportioned)
  • وَ — Wa — And (= Conj., links words, phrases or clauses; additionally; but; also; more over; though; when; while; yet; whereupon)
  • اِنۡ — In — Surely (= Absolutely. Certainly. Definitely. See اِنۡ above)
  • أَدۡرِىٓ — Ud-ree — Don’t know (= Add knowledge; believe; convey; explain; give notice, understanding or comprehension; inform; know; make another aware; make it known; tell; think)
  • اَ — Aa — Do (= Question mark like Are, Can, Have, Shell or Will?)
  • قَرِيبٌ — Qa-ree-boon –Imminent (= At a short distance, place or time; close; near; nigh)
  • اَم — Um — Or (= Alternatively)
  • بَعِيدٌ — Ba-ee-doon — Far away (= At a big; distant, great or long time-frame; far off)
  • مَّا — Maa — What (= 1. All that; whatever; whatsoever. 2. Which; whichever)
  • تُوعَدُونَ — Too-aa-doon — Promised (= Promised, threatened or warned as a punishment)
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