Arabic Grammar 3
2 Pronouns referring to the same person when combined create extreme emphasis And the same effect when one Pro & 1 Verb are joined together
The English grammar does not recognize a sentence combining the equivalent of two pronouns together. A construction like ‘He boy came’ or ‘She girl went’ is not acceptable in English – leave alone to use such an expression for creating an emphasis. Oddities like this make translating a foreign work difficult.
But the Arabic language has the unique feature to create extreme emphasis in following two ways.
1. Placing together two pronouns successively. Examples: كَ and اَنۡتَ 002:033) has an exact equivalent in English by saying ‘You and Only You.‘ And اِنَّهٗ هُوَ (= inna-hoo-ho-wa) (002:038) has an exact equivalent in English by saying ‘He and Only He.’
2. Placing after a pronoun a verb with one of its several variations that practically duplicates the prior pronoun. Examples: اَنۡتُم تَتۡلُوۡنَ (un-toom-tut-loona) (002:045) will in English be ‘You are the very people who read it.’ And اَنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ (un-toom-tau-la-moon) (002:023 and 002:043) will in English be “You are the very people who know full well.”
Following and many other examples in the Holy Qor-aan illustrate the above uniqueness of Arabic.
Examples of two pronouns combined
002:013
اِنَّ — In-na — Really (= Certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; positively; surely;
truly; verily)
هُمۡ — Hoom — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to ‘all those men’)
هُمُ — Ho-mo…(ol) — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to ‘all those men’)
الۡمُفۡسِدُوۡنَ — Mof-se-doon — Evil-doers (= Corrupters; corruption creators; disruption developers; Law-breakers; mischief mongers; spreaders of bad and evil)
** Note: The phrase اِنَّهُمۡ هُمُ الۡمُفۡسِدُوۡنَ (inna-hoom-ho-mool) consists of three words.
o The first word اِنَّ (= in-na) means “certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; positively; really; surely; truly, verily.”
o The second word هُمۡ (= hoom) is a pronoun (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 3rd person) referring to all those people.
o The third word هُمۡ (= hoom) is also a pronoun (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 3rd person) referring to all those people.
o A phrase duplicating two pronouns like هُمۡ after another هُمۡ lays a tremendous emphasis on the person highlighted. Thus اِنَّهُمۡ هُمُ الۡمُفۡسِدُوۡنَ (inna-hoom-ho-mool) means ‘Surely these very people are’ – as described – ‘the evil-doers, corrupters; corruption creators; disruption developers; law-breakers; mischief mongers; spreaders of bad and evil.’
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:014
اِنَّ — In-na — Really (= Certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; positively; surely;
Truly; verily)
هُمۡ — Hoom — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to ‘all those men’)
هُمُ — Ho-mo…(os) — Them (= pro., pl., m., 3rd person. Refers to ‘all those men’)
السُّفَهَآءُ — So-fa-haa-o –Fools (= Foolish; ignorant; retarded; silly; slow; stupid)
** Note: The phrase اِنَّهُمۡ هُمُ السُّفَهَآء (inna-ho-ho-moos) consists of three words.
o The first word اِنَّ (= in-na) means “certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; indeed; positively; really; surely; truly, verily.”
o The second word هُمۡ (= hoom) is a pronoun (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 3rd person) referring to all those people.
o The third word هُمۡ (= hoom) is also a pronoun (=pro., pl., m., addressees in 3rd person) referring to all those people.
o A phrase duplicating two pronouns like هُمۡ after another هُمۡ lays a tremendous emphasis on the person highlighted. Thus اِنَّهُمۡ هُمُ السُّفَهَآء (inna-ho-ho-moos) means ‘Surely these very people are’ – as described – ‘the Foolish’ in instant case.
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:033
اِنَّ — Inna — Definitely (= Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all
seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily)
كَ — Ka — You (= pro., s., male addressee in 2nd person)
اَنۡتَ — Un-ta — You (= pro., s., male addressee in 2nd person. The two
pronouns coming one after the other and referring to one
addressee in 2nd person are intended to lay extreme emphasis
and so the translation herein is ‘You and only You’)
** Note: The phrase إِنَّكَ أَنتَ (Inna-ka-un-ta) consists of three words.
o The first word اِنَّ (= inna) means “Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily.”
o The second word كَ (= ka) is a pronoun (= pro., s., m., addressee in 2nd person) that refers to you.
o The third word اَنۡتَ (= unta) is also a pronoun (= s., m., addressee in 2nd person) that refers to you.
o A phrase duplicating two pronouns like كَ and اَنۡتَ lays a tremendous emphasis on the person highlighted. Thus إِنَّكَ أَنتَ (= inna-ka-unta) means “You the One and the Only One and no one else like You” qualifies for the adjectives that follow this phrase.
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002-038
اِنَّ — Inna — Definitely (= Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all
seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily)
هٗ — Hoo — That (= pro., s., m., in 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid shown,
specified or stated article, thing or person)
هُوَ — Ho-wa..(l) — One he (= pro., s., m., in 3rd person. Refers to the aforesaid shown,
specified or stated article, thing or person)
** Note: The phrase اِنَّهٗ هُوَ (inna-hoo-ho-wa) consists of three words.
o The first word اِنَّ (=inna) means “Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily.”
o The second word هٗ (=hoo) is a pronoun (pro., s., m., in 3rd person) that refers to an aforesaid shown, specified or stated article, thing or person.
o The third word هُو (= ho-wa) is also a pronoun (pro., s., m., in 3rd person) that refers to an aforesaid shown, specified or stated article, thing or person.
o A phrase duplicating two pronouns like هٗ and هُو lays a tremendous emphasis on the person highlighted. Thus اِنَّهٗ هُوَ (inna-hoo-ho-wa) means “He the One and the Only One and no one else like Him” qualifies for the description that follow this phrase
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
Examples of one pronoun followed by a verb that practically duplicates the prior pronoun
002:045
اَنۡ — Un — Surely (= Absolutely; certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; in all seriousness
indeed; positively; really; truly; verily)
تُمۡ — Toom — You all (= pro., m., for you all)
تَتۡلُوۡنَ — Tut-loo-n..(ul) — Recite (= v. Coach, educate and share with each other; read; study; teach)
** Note: The phrase اَنۡتُم تَتۡلُوۡنَ (un-toom-tut-loona) consists of three words.
o The first word اَنۡ (= un) means “Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily.”
o The second word تُمۡ (= toom) is a pronoun (= pro., pl., m.,, addressees in 2nd person) referring to you
o The third word تَتۡلُوۡنَ (= tut-loo-loona) is a verb that shows your acts to “Recite, coach, educate and share with each other, read, study; or teach.”
o When a pronoun points to a person, and is followed by a verb which with one of its 14 variations refers to an action by that person, the multi-worded phrase so created lays an extreme emphasis on the stated action. Thus the phrase اَنۡتُم تَتۡلُوۡنَ (un-toom-tut-loona) means you really do “Recite, coach, educate and share with each other, read, study or teach.”
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:023 / 002:043
اَنۡ — Un — Surely (= Absolutely; certainly; definitely; doubtlessly; in all seriousness
indeed; positively; really; truly; verily)
تُمۡ — Toom — You all (= pro., pl., m., for you all)
تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ — Tau-la-moon — You know (= v., Are aware; have knowledge; knowingly. The two-worded whole phrase اَنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ means ‘surely you know so very well‘)
** Note: The phrase اَنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ (un-toom-tau-la-moon) consists of three words.
o The first word اَنۡ (= un) means “Absolutely; certainly; doubtlessly; earnestly; indeed; in all seriousness; positively; really; surely; truly; verily.”
o The second word تُمۡ (= toom) is a pronoun (= pro., pl., m., addressee in 2nd person) referring to you.
o The third word تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ (= tau-la-moon) is a verb showing the action ‘of having knowledge’ by you (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 2nd person).
o When a pronoun points to a person, and is followed by a verb which with one of its 14 variations refers to an action by that person, the two-worded phrase so created lays an extreme emphasis on the stated action. Thus the phrase اَنۡتُمۡ تَعۡلَمُوۡنَ (un-toom-tau-la-moon) means ‘surely you know so very well’)
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:034
كُنۡ — Koon — Have been (= v., Conveys continuation. “All of you in the 2nd person.”.
This verb and its 14 grammatical variations indicate an act’s continuity from the past to the present and leading into the future – such as ‘continued doing’ or ‘went on doing’)
تُمۡ — Toom — You all (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 2nd person) refers to “you all men”.
** Note: The phrase كُنۡتُمۡ تَكۡتُمُوۡنَ (koon-toomtuck-to-moon) consists of three words.
o The first word كُنۡ (=koon) means ‘have been’.
o The second word تُمۡ (= toom) word (= pro., pl., m, addressees in 2nd person) shows ‘you all men.
o The third word تَكۡتُمُوۡنَ (= tuk-to-moon) is a verb showing the act ‘of concealing’ done by you (= pro., pl., m., addressee in 2nd person).
o When a pronoun points to a person, and is followed by a verb which with one of its 14 variations refers to an action by that person, the two-worded phrase so created lays an extreme emphasis on the stated action. Thus the phrase كُنۡتُمۡ تَكۡتُمُوۡنَ (koon-toomtuck-to-moon) means ‘You are the people who have really been concealing.’
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:005
هُمۡ — Hoom — They (= Pronoun refers to ‘all those’ in masculine gender)
يُوۡقِنُوۡنَ — Yoo-qe-noon — Firmly believe (= v., Bear conviction; have full, firm, absolute, resolute, total and wholesome conviction without any shadow of doubt)
** Note: The phrase هُمۡ يُوۡقِنُوۡنَ (hoom-yoque-noon) consists of two words.
o The first word هُمۡ (= hoom) is a pronoun that refers to ‘all those’ in masculine gender.
o The second word يُوۡقِنُوۡنَ (=Yoo-qe-noon) is a verb showing the act ‘of bearing an absolute conviction’ done by ‘them all’ (= pro., pl., m., addressees in 3rd person).
o When a pronoun points to a person, and is followed by a verb which with one of its 14 variations refers to an action by that person, the two-worded phrase so created lays an extreme emphasis on the stated action. Thus the phrase هُمۡ يُوۡقِنُوۡنَ (hoom-yoque-noon) means ‘They really are the people with a wholesome conviction without any shadow of doubt‘.
o Examples of this kind including this verse are found in 002:005; 002:013; 002:014; 002:023; 002:033; 002:034, 002:038; 002:043; 002:045 and other places in the Holy Qor-aan.
002:144
The Holy Qor-aan 002:144
وَكَذٰلِكَ جَعَلۡنٰكُمۡ اُمَّةً وَّسَطًا لِّتَکُوۡنُوۡا شُهَدَآءَ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَيَكُوۡنَ الرَّسُوۡلُ عَلَيۡكُمۡ شَهِيۡدًا ؕ وَمَا جَعَلۡنَا الۡقِبۡلَةَ الَّتِىۡ كُنۡتَ عَلَيۡهَآ اِلَّا لِنَعۡلَمَ مَنۡ يَّتَّبِعُ الرَّسُوۡلَ مِمَّنۡ يَّنۡقَلِبُ عَلٰى عَقِبَيۡهِ ؕ وَاِنۡ كَانَتۡ لَكَبِيۡرَةً اِلَّا عَلَى الَّذِيۡنَ هَدَى اللّٰهُ ؕ وَمَا كَانَ اللّٰهُ لِيُضِيْعَ اِيۡمَانَكُمۡ ؕ اِنَّ اللّٰهَ بِالنَّاسِ لَرَءُوۡفٌ رَّحِيۡمٌ
Wa-ka-zaa-lay-ka-ja-ul-naa-koom-omma-ton-wa-sa-ton
Lay-ta-koo-noo-sho-ha-daa-aa-alun-naa-say
Wa-ya-koo-nur-ra-soo-lo-alai-koom-sha-he-daa
Wa-maa-ja-ul-nul-qib-la-tul-la-tee-koon-ta-alai-haa
Il-laa-lay-nau-la-ma-mun-yut-ta-bay-ur-ra-soo-la
Mim-mun-yun-qa-lay-bo-alaa-aqau-bai-hay
Wa-in-kaa-nut-la-ka-bee-ra-ton-il-laa-alul-la-zee-na-ha-dul-laa-ho
Wa-maa-kaa-nul-laa-ho-lay-yo-dzee-aa-ee-maa-na-koom.
In-nul-laa-ha-bin-naa-say-la-ra-oo- foon-ra-hee-m.
And this way We made you a nation of moderates
So that you become witnesses on the people
And the Messenger becomes a witness on you.
And We had not fixed the Qibla on which you were
Except to expose who follows the Messenger
From him who turns on his two heels.
And most certainly it was a big thing except on those whom Allah had guided.
And Allah has never been for wasting your faiths.
Certainly Allah is the Kindest, Most Merciful with the people.
* Note 002:144. Two translators have elaborated the pronoun كُم used here as follows: “You [true Muslims – real believers of Islamic Monotheism, true followers of Prophet Muhammad s.a.w and his Sunnah (legal ways)]”. This site denies the two things implied in above statement.
a. The narrowing down كُم to only ‘true Muslims’ suggests as if there were or can be ‘untrue’ Moslems. No human being has any right to declare whether or not another was really a true Moslem. Quotations by the Holy Prophet s.a.w have been reported to that effect in many incidents. Once the Moslems in Madina buried a stranger in the town and did not offer funeral prayer. When questioned they justified their conduct on the ground that he had not been a Moslem. The Holy Prophet s.a.w asked if they had looked in his heart to hold he was not a Moslem. Thus whoever has ‘followed’ him is a true ‘follower’ and there can be no ‘untrue’ followers.
b. By limiting his Sunnah to ‘legal ways. It was implied that some Sunnah were not ‘legal ways’ – a preposterous insinuation indeed. No one has any right to hold that any action by the Holy Prophet s.a.w was other than legal. The Holy Qor-aan declared him to be the Best Exemplar and his conduct worth duplicating. What he did was always what he then perceived to be a direction given by the Holy Qor-aan. An action requiring modification was done by the Almighty God by additional revelations. The incident of his following the old Qibla until directed to change clearly illustrates that. Scholastic opinions about some quotations (Hadeeth) may question the accuracy of others. But his proclaimed acts (Sunnah) remain most accurate dictates beyond any such challenge. So all his and their modifications under divine direction will forever remain 100% legal.